What significant event occurred in India in 1947?
Independence and Partition
This marked the end of British colonial rule in India.
What type of government was established in India from 1950 to the present?
Federal Parliamentary Republic
This system replaced the constitutional monarchy that existed from 1947 to 1950.
What was the percentage of Hindus in India’s 2011 demographics?
79.8%
This reflects the majority religion in India.
What does the Sanskrit term ‘Rūpa’ and ‘bimba’ refer to?
General terms:
rūpa: Form, shape, figure
bimba: shadow, reflected or represented form
What does ‘pratimā’ and ‘pratikrti’ mean?
referring to Manufactured image:
‘pratimā’: ‘what is measured according to’ = statue, figure, representation)
‘pratikrti’: ‘what is made according to’ = image, model, representation)
What is the definition of ‘Mūrti’ and ‘bera’?
**referring to an Embodied Image **
bera: body
mūrti: manifestation, incarnation, personification
Mūrti refers to the physical form of a deity that embodies divine presence.
What does ‘arcā’, ‘kautaka’, ‘utsavabera’, ‘utsavamūrti’ and ‘deva’ mean?
terms referring to a ritual image
What are ‘Cultic Images’?
Images used in religious rituals
- giving form to the god
- making the god presen (in his image)
- worshipping the god
They can be fixed (inside the cella) or movable for processions.
They ca
They can be man-made or of non-human origini, self-manifested embodiments of the gods.
What is required for Cultic Images to be activated?
complex ritual activation to be endowed with the divine presence (Pratiṣṭhā, ceremony of ‘opening of the eyes’ of the image.)
What are ‘Narrative Images’?
Images that depict specific events or episodes
Charaterized by varoed and complex relatioship with literary narratives,
They are often part of broader visual storytelling.
What do ‘Ornamental & Decorative Images’ primarily focus on?
- representing specific events and gods
- Aesthetic appeal
Name one prominent divine form in sculpture.
Ganesha
Ganesha is widely recognized for his role as the remover of obstacles.
What is the significance of the temples at Khajuraho and Darasuram?
They are examples of prominent temple architecture in India
Khajuraho is known for its intricate sculptures, while Darasuram features exemplary Dravidian architecture.
What is the relationship between an image and texts in Indian religions?
An image is connected to texts, donors, architecture, and ritual use
a network of relationships that includes ritual, narrative, spatial, and symbolic elements.
Fill in the blank: The term ‘Svayaṃvyakta’ refers to images that are _______.
self-manifested
These images are believed to have emerged naturally without human intervention.
True or False: All Cultic Images are human-made.
False
Some Cultic Images are self-manifested.
