What does the name Pārvatī mean?
Daughter of the Mountain
Derived from the Sanskrit word ‘pārvata’ meaning mountain.
List other names for Pārvatī.
- Umā
- Gaurī
- Satī
benevolent goddess, defined by relationship to husband siva
In which epic texts does Pārvatī appear?
- Mahābhārata
- Rāmāyaṇa
What is definitional for Śiva?
siva irritated by parvati distrubing his meditation
- Rudra - Vedic name
- complex amalgamation of Rudrāni, Indra, Agni
- ascetic, lives at night
- animal skin, ascetic bun, trident, tambourine
- destrcutive, violent + teaching
What concepts is Śiva associated with?
- Asceticism
- Destruction
- Cosmic balance
Siva Andhaka looks at Parvati
in fight, every drop of blood creates a new demon
matrka collect the blood, not always depicted
What means naṭarāja?
King of the dance (śiva)
most famous śiva form:
at the end of a cosmic era śiva dances to destruct to enable recreation
What does the Liṅga symbolize?
4 sides, square base: Brahmā
8 octo middle: Viṣṇu
cylinder top: śiva
Phallic form representing Śiva
cretaive enrgy of god
in cella of śaiva temples
Outside temples: antropmorphic
What means the Liṅga Yoni symbolism ?
Combined with yoni symbolizes male-female union.
What happened to Satī after the insult of her father to Śiva?
despite of disapproval she marries siva the ascetic god, out of contempt he does not invite him to a ritual, she protests with self immolation
she scarifices herself
śiva collects her body
rebirth as Parvati: death of ego rebirth of consciousness
What is the role of Kāma?
A delegation is sent with Parvati to seduce the grieving Siva to produce offspring and uses Kāma to seduce him
Siva strikes Kama with ray from his 3rd eye = Kama becomes Arianga
What does Pārvatī do to win Śiva after her rebirth?
Pravati as Powerful ascetic
Performs pañcāgnitapas (asceticism tapas of the five panca fires agni) to impress him
Paravti as ascetic
embarks on demanding meditating asceticism to belong to the smae sphere and to seduce him
Parvati meditating, 2 laidies in waiting offer food, she rejects it
What is the significance of the text ‘Kumārasambhava’?
by Kālidās (ca 5th c.)
in the Epis
It tells the love story and birth of Kumāra (Skanda/Kārttikeya)
Siva took poisin to save the world: blue skin
What themes are depicted in temple scenes related to Pārvatī and Śiva?
- Meditation
- Marriage (Kalyāṇasundaramūrti)
- Family life
Name the temples that depicts Kāma scene
- Baphuon
What are the marks of the wedding images?
Kalyānasundaramūrti
(marriage-beautiful-form)
auspiscious images
celebration with:
fruits, stones, jewellery
later: excessive lovemaing, distraction of the god: sivas sperm not in Parvati but in Ganges
Who is Kumāra?
son of Siva and Parvati
other names: Skanda, Kārttikeya
Parvatis mail role is to seduce Siva to save the world
How was Gaṇeśa born?
Parvatis 2nd child
no natural birth
created by P. with watre and clay
Siva cut off head, but accepted as his son and gave him an elefant head
They were not a harmonious couple
What is the dice playing scene?
Siva and Parvati go away together to medtitate. In between they rest and play dice.
A highly symbolic game: destinies of the world.
Siva soetimes cheats and Parvati gets angry- symbol for the calamities of the world.
What is the Gaṅgādharamūrti?
Sansrkit: Ganga - jealousy - form
Siva hold goddess Ganga in his hand
Parvat/Uma turns away angrily
What do Saiva family images depict?
Harmonious, ascetic family life
Kids make garlands with heads of demons, defeated by Siva
What does Umāmaheśvara represent?
Śiva and Pārvatī as a divine couple
Sanskrit Great Lord of Uma
tender closeness
Siva 4 arms
Parvati as wife 2 arms (4 arms only as ascetic)
What is the importance of marriage?
Paravti is afraid in Sivas arm because Ravana shakes the world (with 10 arms), Siva restores balance with his toe
In Hindu tradition: calms down, makes peaceful
What is Somaskandamūrti?
Śiva, Umā, and Kumāra together
Siva in form of Somaskanda
