False positives for amphetamine
-Bupropion (Wellbutrin), Trazodone (Desyrel), Fluoxetine (Prozac), and Venlafaxine (Effexor)
-Pseudoephedrine (Sudafed), Ephedrine, and Vicks inhalers.
Atomoxetine
-Promethazine (Phenergan), Chlorpromazine, and Aripiprazole (Abilify)
-Labetalol (Trandate), Metoprolol, and Esmolol
Phentermine (Adipex-P), Ranitidine (Zantac), and Fenofibrate.
-Metformin
False positives for opiates
Quinolone antibiotics, such as levofloxacin (Levaquin), ofloxacin, and pefloxacin, are known to cause false positives.
Diphenhydramine (Benadryl): Often used in cold/allergy medicine.
Quetiapine (Seroquel): An antipsychotic medication.
Rifampin: An antibiotic.
Verapamil: A blood pressure medication.
Doxylamine: An antihistamine.
Tramadol
False positives for cocaine
Not much…. weird tea?
Example of primary prevention
Universal education
Secondary prevention
Targets high-risk groups
ie, home visitaion by nurses for families at high risk of abuse
Tertiary prevention
Prevention of additional/further harm, prevention of recidivism
What are psoralens, specifically, furocoumarins?
light-activated compounds
Furocoumarins are found in lemons, limes, parsley and dill that can cause phytophotodermatitis
SIDS autopsy findings
Pink frothy fluid in nose and mouth
Intrathoracic petechiae (90% of cases)
Mild inflammation of airways
No evidence of injury
No anatomic cause of death
SIDS vs non-intentional suffocation look very slimilar on autopsy
At what tanner stage does menarche typically occure?
Between state 3 and 4 for pubic hair and breast
Height velocity occurs first, M as starts to decline
When does Spermarche occure in males?
Around age 14
Typically at or shortly after Tanner stage 4 for pubic hair and genitalia
After increase in height velocity
Classification of FGM
Type 1: Clitordectomy
Type 2: Excision (to inlcude clitoris and labia minora +/1 labia majora
Type 3: Infibulation, narrowing of vaginal oriface +/- clitoridectomy
Type 4: all other harmful procedures
NCANDS
National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System
voluntary system, all 50 states
Child maltreatment data
Lab findings in GA-1
Increased levels of glutaric acid, 3-hydroxyglutaric acid and glutaconic acid in urine
Sertraline can case a false positive on what type of drug test?
Benzodiazepine
