Colour
Black
Ripening
Late, needs warm climate
Training
Upright growth –> bush vine, pruned short
Soil
Dry, low fertility
Diseases
Coulure –> reduce yield
Fungal diseases (downy mildew, phomopsis, botrytis bunch rot)
Bacterial necrosis/bacterial blight –> kills leaves/shoots
Wine Style
Pale ruby colour, ripe red fruit (strawberry/red plum/red cherry), spicy/herbal notes, high alcohol, low to medium tannins, low acidity.