Grip

Question 1

Grip: Stage 1

Answer 1

Hand opens fully, which requires activation of the wrist and finger extensor musculature as well as the hand intrinsics

Question 2

Grip: Stage 2

Answer 2

The fingers position around the object and close to grasp the object, which requires activation of the finger flexor musculature as well as the hand intrinsics

Question 3

Grip: Stage 3

Answer 3

The force of the grasp is modified based on the shape, weight, fragility, and surface characteristics of the object

Question 4

Grip: Stage 4

Answer 4

The object is released by opening the hand, which again requires activation of the extensor musculature

Question 5

Power Grip

Answer 5

Used when a strong or forceful grip is needed and involves stabilization of the object against the palm of the hand.
-Fingers are in flexion and the wrist is in ulnar deviation and slight extension.

Question 6

Cylindrical Grasp

Answer 6

• Power Grip
• The entire hand wraps around an object with the thumb on one side and the four fingers on the opposite side of the object
• E.g., holding a soda can

Question 7

Fist Grasp

Answer 7

• Power Grip
• Similar to Cylindrical Grasp but involves grasping around a narrower object so that the thumb and fingers overlap.
• E.g., holding a hammer

Question 8

Spherical Grasp

Answer 8

• Power Grip
• The entire hand wraps around a spherical object
• Differs from cylindrical grasp in that the fingers are separated and there is a greater amount of thumb opposition
• E.g., a baseball

Question 9

Hook Grasp

Answer 9

• Power Grip
• Use of the 2nd and 3rd interphalangeal joints (though it can involve all 4 fingers) to create a hook to hold an object
• Controlled by the forearm flexors and extensors
• E.g., carrying a pail

Question 10

Precision grip (aka prehension grip)

Answer 10

• Used when accurate and precise movements of the hand are needed.
• Involves the metacarpophalangeal and interphalangeal joints on the radial side of the hand

Question 11

Three-fingered Pinch (aka digital prehension grip)

Answer 11

• Characterized by pulp-to-pulp contact between thumb, index and middle fingers.
• E.g., holding a pencil

Question 12

Lateral Prehension Grip

Answer 12

• Characterized by contact between the thumb and lateral side of the index finger
• E.g., using a key

Question 13

Tip Pinch (aka tip prehension grip)

Answer 13

• Characterized by thumb opposition so that the tip of the thumb contacts the tip of another finger.
• E.g., holding a needle

Question 14

Handheld Dynamometer

Answer 14

• Can be used to assess the grip strength of a patient.

- A patient’s dominant grip strength is 5-10 lbs. greater than the non-dominant grip strength

Question 15

Isometric Dynamometry

Answer 15

Measures static strength of a muscle group without any movement

Question 16

Isokinetic Dynamometry

Answer 16

Measures the strength of a muscle group during a movement with constant, predetermined speed

Question 17

Make Test

Answer 17

Evaluation procedure where a patient is asked to apply a force against the dynamometer

Question 18

Break Test

Answer 18

Evaluation procedure where a patient is asked to hold a contraction against pressure that is applied in the opposite direction of the contraction