Group Session Missed

Question 0

Reaction formation

Answer 0

Reacting the OPPOSITE WAY to how you REALLY feel

(Is a Defense Mechanism)

Ex:

• Reacting sarcastically (as if you DO know what it is) about something that you really know NOTHING about

Ex:

• “What? You dont know about astrophysics? You’re a moron! I know everything!!”)

Question 1

Define “Social Constructionism”

• Give an example

Answer 1

​WE create the world we live in,

and the world we live in creates US

In other words:

Anything that is created is as a result of a social activity

Example:

• Technology built up by humans with certain values or beliefs

Question 2

What’s an example of a schema? ex: gender schema

Answer 2

Guys dont ask for directions schema≈model

Question 3

What’s an example of a script? ex: gender script

Answer 3

scripts are the actions of a schema

Question 4

Apparent Weight=___-___

Answer 4

actual weight-buoyant force

Question 5

Buoyant Force formula

Answer 5

Fs=pVg

Question 6

From where in the cell can RNA be synthesized? (3)

Answer 6

-nucleus -ER -Gytoplasm

Question 7

Passive Immunity results from receiving the antibody from…?

Answer 7

an outside source (ex: receiving an injection of antibodies to a specific antigen, or an infant receiving antibodies from mother’s milk)

Question 8

What enzyme(s) are found in the lumen of the small intestine?

Answer 8

Chymotrypsin

Question 9

“wobble” in genetic code

Answer 9

AA’s coded for by 3 bases (“codons”) in mRNA. A single AA may correspond to several different codons. Third base is BY FAR the most common variation. ex: GGG,GGC most likely code for the same AA.

Question 10

What makes a good vaccine “Target?”why?

Answer 10

a membrane protein, so that antibodies in bloodstream can access the protein and form an immune response to them.

Question 11

A point mutation will like change the ___ structure of a protein by changing what?

Answer 11

primary structure of a protein, by changing an AA in the sequence.

Question 12

What is “oligomerization?” What is an example?

Answer 12

formation of an oligomer from a monomer. ex: alpha and ß subunits of Hb

Question 13

What is an “oligomer?”

Answer 13

a cpd intermediate b/t a monomer and a polymer, normally having a specified number of units between 5 and 100

Question 14

A _____ at the 5’ position is required for RNA splicing to occur. What happens if you have a different NT?

Answer 14

Guanine. If you had a different NT, the exon and intron wouldnt get cleaved, and the intron wont be spliced out from the mRNA transcript

Question 15

E and Z stereochemistry only apply to?

Answer 15

R groups around double bonds

Question 16

How many Carbons in Lysine?

Answer 16

6 (Lysine has 6 letters)

Question 17

If Keq=1, what is ∆G?

Answer 17

∆G=0

Question 18

∆G=? What will you always get taking the log of a (positive) decimal less than 1?

Answer 18

∆G= -RTln(Keq). taking the log of a positive decimal that’s greater than 1 always gives you a NEGATIVE number. This would make ∆G positive, since there’s a (-) before R

Question 19

• In chemistry experiements, what does “reflux” mean?

Answer 19

Question 20

• Pendulum formula

Answer 20

• L=length of wire
• T=period
  
  • is the INVERSE of frequence, 1/f

Question 21

• Compare the Hippocampus and the Amygdala

Answer 21

• Hippocampus
  
  • is responsible for the processing and storage of short-term memory.
• Amygdala
  
  • is responsible for emotions, moods, and other functions related to depression and anxiety.

Question 22

• Periodic trends
  
  • Compare Electronegativity and Ionization Energy

Answer 22

Question 23

• Draw Fisher Projections for:
  
  • D- and L- Glyceraldehyde
    
    • ​Where are COOH and R groups going to be located?
      
      • What happens to the D/L config if the only thing you swap is the location of COOH & R groups?

Answer 23

• COOH- and R groups are on TOP and BOTTOM
• If you swap their positions, it changes D to L and vice versa
  
  • What was “D” is now “L”

Question 24

* Fischer Projections * What is the ***STEREOCHEMISTRY*** of Fischer projections?

Answer 24

Question 25

* What does a "Schiff Base" look like?

Answer 25

Question 26

* How many stereoisomers in Penicillin G?

Answer 26

* 2³=8

Question 27

Describe the **CENTRAL DOGMA** in Eukaryotic cells * How do Retroviruses **VIOLATE** this?

Answer 27

**DNA⇒RNA⇒Proteins** ## Footnote In eukaryotes (organisms with a nuclear membrane): * DNA undergoes replication and transcription in the **nucleus**, and proteins are made in the **cytoplasm** RNA must therefore travel across the nuclear membrane **before** it undergoes translation * This means that **transcription** and **translation** are **PHYSICALLY SEPARATED** * The primary transcript, heterogeneous nuclear RNA (hnRNA), undergoes extensive post-transcriptional processing to make: * a messenger RNA (mRNA) molecule * ...that **_can_** pass through the nuclear membrane Retro viruses (e.g., HIV) have **RNA as their genetic material** * When infecting host cells, retroviruses use an enzyme called **"****reverse transcriptase"** * to **produce DNA** which is then inserted into the host's DNA **∴, RNA⇒DNA (Violates Central Dogma)**

Question 28

* In a **NEURON**, where can **HISTONES** be found?

Answer 28

* In the **SOMA** * "Soma-" means **"body"** * **​**The Soma is the main portion of the neuron, where the nucleus is * ∴ DNA is there * ∴ Histones are there as well

Question 29

* DNA has a _____ charge, and Histones have a\_\_\_\_\_ charge * How does this affect **HELICASE?**

Answer 29

* DNA has a **NEGATIVE** charge * Histones have a **POSITIVE** charge Histones make DNA **more neutral**, and this allows Helicase to get in an unzip the DNA strands

Question 30

When you see "Methylation," **think?**

Answer 30

**INACTIVATION!**

Question 31

* Phosphatase: ____ phosphate group * Kinase: ____ phosphate group

Answer 31

_Phosphatase_ * **REMOVES** phosphate ghroup _Kinase_ * **ADDS** phosphate group

Question 32

* Insulin vs. Glucagon * Which is **ANABOLIC?** * Which is **CATABOLIC?**

Answer 32

Insulin is **ANABOLIC** * (builds up things) Glucagon is **CATABOLIC** * (breaks things down)

Question 33

* **HIGH** affinity transporters are able to uptake their respective molecules at....? * In other words when the thing they are transporting is...?

Answer 33

* ...at **LOW** **CONCENTRATIONS** * aka when the thing they are transporting is **SCARCE!**

Question 34

What does a Lineweaver Burk plot look like for: **COMPETITIVE** Inhibition

Answer 34

Question 35

What does a Lineweaver Burk plot look like for: **UNCOMPETITIVE** Inhibition

Answer 35

Question 36

What does a Lineweaver Burk plot look like for: **NONCOMPETITIVE** Inhibition

Answer 36

Question 37

Is the following: * Electron Donating OR Withdrawing? * Ring Activating OR Deactivating? * Is it strongly, moderately, weakly, etc. **O^-**

Answer 37

* Donating * **STRONGLY** activating

Question 38

Is the following: * Electron Donating OR Withdrawing? * Ring Activating OR Deactivating? * Is it strongly, moderately, weakly, etc. **-NR₂**

Answer 38

* Donating * **STRONGLY** activating

Question 39

Is the following: * Electron Donating OR Withdrawing? * Ring Activating OR Deactivating? * Is it strongly, moderately, weakly, etc. **-NH₂ **(Amines)

Answer 39

* Donating * **STRONGLY** activating

Question 40

Is the following: * Electron Donating OR Withdrawing? * Ring Activating OR Deactivating? * Is it strongly, moderately, weakly, etc. **^-OH** ("Phenol groups" when attached to a ring)

Answer 40

* Donating * **STRONGLY** activating

Question 41

Is the following: * Electron Donating OR Withdrawing? * Ring Activating OR Deactivating? * Is it strongly, moderately, weakly, etc. **-OR** (Ethers)

Answer 41

* Donating * **STRONGLY** activating

Question 42

Is the following: * Electron Donating OR Withdrawing? * Ring Activating OR Deactivating? * Is it strongly, moderately, weakly, etc. **-NHCOR** (Amides)

Answer 42

* Donating * **MODERATELY** activating

Question 43

Is the following: * Electron Donating OR Withdrawing? * Ring Activating OR Deactivating? * Is it strongly, moderately, weakly, etc. **-OCOR** (Esters)

Answer 43

* Donating * **MODERATELY** activating

Question 44

Is the following: * Electron Donating OR Withdrawing? * Ring Activating OR Deactivating? * Is it strongly, moderately, weakly, etc. **-R** (Alkyl groups) THINK: Methyl Group, CH₃

Answer 44

* Donating * **WEAKLY** activating

Question 45

Is the following: * Electron Donating OR Withdrawing? * Ring Activating OR Deactivating? * Is it strongly, moderately, weakly, etc. **-Ph**

Answer 45

* Donating * **WEAKLY** activating

Question 46

Is the following: * Electron Donating OR Withdrawing? * Ring Activating OR Deactivating? * Is it strongly, moderately, weakly, etc. **CH=CR₂ **(Vinyl groups)

Answer 46

* Donating * **WEAKLY** activating

Question 47

Is the following: * Electron Donating OR Withdrawing? * Ring Activating OR Deactivating? * Is it strongly, moderately, weakly, etc. **-H**

Answer 47

* **NEITHER** electron donating **NOR** withdrawing * is used as a reference point* * Likewise, it is neither ring activating nor deactivating (is **NEUTRAL**)

Question 48

Is the following: * Electron Donating OR Withdrawing? * Ring Activating OR Deactivating? * Is it strongly, moderately, weakly, etc. **-X** (Halides)

Answer 48

* Withdrawing * **WEAKLY** Deactivating

Question 49

Is the following: * Electron Donating OR Withdrawing? * Ring Activating OR Deactivating? * Is it strongly, moderately, weakly, etc. **-COH** (Aldehydes)

Answer 49

* Withdrawing * **MODERATELY** deactivating

Question 50

Is the following: * Electron Donating OR Withdrawing? * Ring Activating OR Deactivating? * Is it strongly, moderately, weakly, etc. **-COR** (Ketones)

Answer 50

* Withdrawing * **MODERATELY** deactivating

Question 51

Is the following: * Electron Donating OR Withdrawing? * Ring Activating OR Deactivating? * Is it strongly, moderately, weakly, etc. **-COOR** (Esters)

Answer 51

* Withdrawing * **MODERATELY** deactivating

Question 52

Is the following: * Electron Donating OR Withdrawing? * Ring Activating OR Deactivating? * Is it strongly, moderately, weakly, etc. **-COOH** (Carboxylic Acid)

Answer 52

* Withdrawing * **MODERATELY** deactivating

Question 53

Is the following: * Electron Donating OR Withdrawing? * Ring Activating OR Deactivating? * Is it strongly, moderately, weakly, etc. **-CF₃ **​(Trihalides)

Answer 53

* Withdrawing * **STRONGLY** deactivating!

Question 54

Is the following: * Electron Donating OR Withdrawing? * Ring Activating OR Deactivating? * Is it strongly, moderately, weakly, etc. **^-:CN** (Cyano groups)

Answer 54

* Withdrawing * **STRONGLY** deactivating!

Question 55

Describe the **FORMATION CONSTANT, K_f** * What is it a **MEASURE** of? * Give its **FORMULA**

Answer 55

Is a measure of the **STRENGTH OF THE INTERACTION** b/t: Reagents that come together to **FORM** the complex ***K_f = [products] / [reactants]***

Question 56

Chromatography * Hydrophobic Interaction Chromatography (HIC) * (HIC) relies on high concentrations of *WHAT* to **enhance** or **strengthen** hydro**PHOBIC** interactions?

Answer 56

Hydrophobic interaction chromatography (HIC) relies on high **SALT** **CONCENTRATIONS** to **enhance** or **strengthen** hydro**PHOBIC** interactions *Therefore, decreasing the salt concentration weakens these interactions, causing the protein to elute from the column*