Who speaks English?
- Native speakers in the UK, USA, Australia, Canada
- Millions of non-native speakers using it as a second or foreign language
English is used for communication around the world.
Why does David Crystal mention “Englishes”?
Because there is not just one single variety of English anymore
English has developed its own pronunciation, vocabulary, and grammar features in many countries.
Is English a unique variety?
No, it is a global language with many local forms
Reflects the identity and culture of its speakers.
What do SSE, GA, and EFL mean?
- SSE: Standard Southern English
- GA: General American
- EFL: English as a Foreign Language
These abbreviations represent different varieties and contexts of English.
What are the three circles of English according to Kachru?
- Inner Circle: Native language countries (e.g., UK, USA)
- Outer Circle: Institutional role countries (e.g., India, Nigeria)
- Expanding Circle: Foreign language countries (e.g., Argentina, Japan)
This model shows how English functions differently in various contexts.
What is needs analysis?
The process of finding out why learners are learning English and what they need it for
Teachers design syllabi and choose materials based on this information.
Complete the paragraph: English as a Foreign Language, or EFL, refers to _______.
learning and using English as an additional language in a non-English speaking country
Compared with ESL and ESOL, which refer to learning English in an English-speaking country.
What are the characteristics of General English courses?
- Focus on overall competence in English
- Based on communicative situations and language functions
- Not focused on a specific job or topic
Used for general communication.
What is English for Specific Purposes (ESP)?
English designed to meet specific learner needs in professional or academic settings
Includes specialized vocabulary and tasks based on learners’ needs analysis.
What is Business English?
A branch of ESP focusing on business communication
Includes business correspondence, meetings, and presentations.
What does CLIL stand for?
Content and Language Integrated Learning
Teaching subjects through English, organized around subject content.
Define NEST.
Native English-Speaking Teacher: a teacher whose first language is English
Provides natural pronunciation and cultural input.
Define NNEST.
Non-Native English-Speaking Teacher: a teacher whose first language is not English
Can understand learners’ difficulties and explain grammar in the students’ first language.
