how is the beating heart coordinated?
pulmonary and systemic pumps work in parallel
they are connected to each other an highly coordinated
contract and relax together
pump roughly the same volume of blood
where is the heart located?
in the thoracic cavity, protected by the pericardium
what is the fibrous pericardium?
outer layer, made of dense regular connective tissue
what is the serous pericardium?
double- layered, pericardial fluid- filled membrane
parietal and visceral layer
what is the partial layer?
outermost layer, in connect with fibrous pericardium
what is the visceral layer?
surrounds and is continuous with the surface of the heart
what is between the 2 serous pericardial layers?
a small space- the pericardial cavity which contains a small amount of pericardial fluid which helps lubricate the heart to facilitate contraction/relaxation
the heart is a what organ?
multilayered
epicardium
myocardium
endocardium
what is the epicardium?
outermost layer of heart, made of loose areolar connective and adipose tissue (visceral pericardium)
what is the myocardium?
thickest layer of heart, contains cardiomyocytes and cardiac skeleton (heart muscle itself)
what is the endocardium?
deepest layer of heart , made of simple squamous endothelial tissue
what do the 2 super chambers of the heart do?
receiving chambers
the atria - R and L
receive blood from veins
what do the 2 inferior chambers of the heart do?
pumping chambers
the ventricles- R and L
eject blood from heart into arteries
what is an auricle?
in right atrium
small pouch like extension of the atrium
increases the chambers capacity to hold volume allowing for larger volume to be collected before pumped to ventricles
protection
where does the right atrium receive blood from?
3 openings
superior vena cava
inferior vena cava
coronary sinus
where does the right atrium pump blood to?
the right ventricle
what does the right ventricle do?
receives blood from the right atrium
pumps blood to the lungs through the pulmonary arteries( away from the heart- deoxygenated blood)
what is the left atrium?
has an auricle
receives blood from the lungs- (4 openings) through the 4 pulmonary veins (oxygenated blood)
pumps blood into the left ventricle
what is the left ventricle?
receives blood from the LA
pumps blood to whole body through the aorta( oxygenated away)
thicker wall when compared with right ventricle
where does the arch of the aorta start?
after the ascending aorta
where does the arch of the aorta end?
ends as the thoracic aorta at the level between T4 and T5
what are the arch of aorta branches?
brachiocephalic trunk/artery
left common carotid artery
left subclavian artery
what veins return blood to the heart?
superior vena cava
inferior vena cava
coronary sinus
where does the superior vena cava receive blood from?
from veins above the diaphragm
