1
Q
masseter origin
A
aponeurosis and bones of zygomatic arch
2
Q
masseter insertion
A
lateral surface and angle of manibublar ramus
3
Q
masseter action
A
elevates mandible/close jaw, assist in protracting and retracting, moves mandible side to side
4
Q
temporalis origin
A
temporal lines of skull
5
Q
temporalis insertion
A
coronoid process of mandible, anterior border of mandibular ramus
6
Q
temporalis action
A
elevates mandible, assist in retraction, lateral movement (side to side)
7
Q
medial pterygoid origin
A
medial surface of the lateral pterygoid plate, portions of palatine and maxilla
8
Q
medial pterygoid insertion
A
medial surface of mandibular ramus
9
Q
medial pterygoid action
A
elevated mandible, close jaw, later movement side to side
10
Q
lateral pterygoid origin
A
lateral surface of lateral pterygoid plate and greater wing of sphenoid
11
Q
lateral pterygoid insertion
A
anterior part of neck of the mandibular condyle
12
Q
lateral pterygoid action
A
opens jaw, protrusion side to side
13
Q
buccinator action
A
blowing/compressing cheek against teeth
14
Q
mentalis action
A
elevate protrude lower lip, wrinkle skin on chin
15
Q
depressor angle oris action
A
frown
16
Q
obicularis oculi action
A
blink/close eyes
17
Q
orbicularis oris action
A
close mouth, kiss
18
Q
zygomaticus major action
A
smile
19
Q
platysma action
A
tense skin of neck
20
Q
frontal belly of occipifrontalis action
A
wrinkle forehead, raise eyebrows
21
Q
sternocleidomastoid clavicular head origin
A
sternal end of clavicle
22
Q
sternocleidomastoid sternal head origin
A
manubrium
23
Q
sternocleidomastoid insertion
A
mastoid reign of skull and lateral portion of superior nuchal line
24
Q
sternocleidomastoid action
A
together- flex the neck
individually- laterally flex/rotate head to opposite side
25
what are the strap muscles (infra hyoids)?
sternohyoid
thyrohyoid
sternothyroid
omohyoid
26
strap muscles (infrahyoids) action
depress hyoid down
27
what are the suprahyoid muscles?
digastric- ant. belly
digastric- post. belly
mylohyoid
geniohyoid
stylohyoid
28
suprahyoid muscles action
elevate hyoid and depress mandible
29
trapezius origin
occipital bone, ligamentum nuchae, spinous processes of T spine vertebrae
30
trapezius insertion
clavicle and scapula(acromion and scapular spine)
31
trapezius action
upper fibres- elevate and supereior rotation
middle- retract
lower- depress, rotate scapula upward
32
trapezius innervation
accessory nerve
33
what are the scalene muscles and their action?
posterior, middle, anteior
together- flexion
alone- lateral flexion, rib elevation
rotation- ant. scalene; rotate opposite side
middle + post do same side rotation
34
latissimus dorsi origin
spinous process of inferior thoracic and all lumbar/sacral vertebrae, ribs 8-12 and thoracolumbar fascia
35
latissimus dorsi insertion
floor of inter tubercular sulcus of humerus
36
latissimus dorsi action
extends, adducts, medial rotates shoulder
37
latissimus dorsi innervation
thoracodorsal nerve
38
levator scapula origin
transverse process of first 4 C spine vertebrae
39
levator scapula insertion
vertebral border of scapula near superior angle and medial end of scapula spine
40
levator scapula action
elevates scapula, downward rotation
41
levator scapula innervation
cervical c3-c4 and dorsal scapular nerve
42
rhomboid major origin
ligamentum nuchae and SP of T2-T5
43
rhomboid major insertion
vertebral boarder of scapula from spine to inferior angle
44
rhomboid major action
adducts and performs downward rotation of scapula
45
rhomboid major innervation
dorsal scapular nerve
46
rhomboid minor origin
SP of vertebrae C7-T1
47
rhomboid minor insertion
vertebral border of scapula
48
rhomboid minor action
adducts and downward rotation
49
rhomboid minor innervation
dorsal scapular nerve
50
what is part of the erector spinae?
iliocstalis, longissimus, spinalis
51
erector spinae action
together extension of back
unilateral- neck lateral flexion, lateral flexion of spine
52
multifundus origin
sacrum and T4 of each vertebrae
53
multifundus insertion
SP of the 3rd or 4th more superior vertebrae
54
multitudus action
extends the vertebral column and rotates toward opposite side
55
capitis origin
processes of lower four cervical and superior 6-7 thoracic vertebrae
56
capitis insertion
occipital bone, between nuchal lines
57
cervicis origin
TP of T1-T5/6
58
cervicis insertion
SP of C2-C5
59
thoracics origin
TP of T6-T10
60
thoracis insertion
SP of c6-T4
61
rotatores origin
cervicis, thoracic and luborum
62
rotatores insertion
SP of adjacent more superior vertebrae
63
rotatores action
extend and rotate opposite side
64
interspinales origin
SP of each veterbra
65
inteserpinales insertion
SP of more superior vertebrae
66
interspinales action
extend vertebral column
67
intertransversarii origin
TP of each vertebra
68
intertransversarii insertion
TP of more superior vertebrae
69
intertransversarii action
lateral flexion
70
quadratus lumborum origin
iliac crest and iliolumbar ligament
71
quadratus lumborum insertion
last rib and transverse processes of lumbar vertebrae
72
quadratus lumborum action
together depress ribs
unilateral- lateral flexion of vertebrae, stabilizes diaphragm during inhalation
73
external oblique origin
external and inferior borders of ribs 5-12, fibres run anterior and inferior
74
external oblique insertion
external oblique aponeurosis extending to iliac crest and linea alba
75
external oblique action
compresses, rotates opposite side
76
internal oblique origin
thoracolumbar fascia, inguinal ligamnet and iliac crest
fibres run anteior superior
77
internal oblique insertion
inferior surfaces of ribs 9-12, costal cartilages 8-10, lines alba and pubis
78
internal oblique action
compresses, rotates to same side
79
transverse abdominis action
deep layer and compresses abdomen
80
rectus abdominis origin
superior surface of pubis around symphysis
81
rectus abdominis insertion
inferior surfaces of cartilages ribs 5-7 and xiphoid of sternum
82
rectus abdominis action
flexion of vertebral column, compression and depress ribs
83
rectus abdominis innervation
intercostal nerve
84
external intercostal origin
ribs 1-11
85
external intercostal insertion
ribs 2-12
86
external intercostal action
elevate the ribs/bending them more open aid in quiet and forced inhalation
expands the thoracic cavity
87
internal intercostals origin
ribs 2-12
88
internal intercostals insertion
ribs 1-11- fibres pass an/sup to rib above
89
internal intercostals action
depresses ribs/bend them inward aid in forced expiration (quiet expiration a passive process)
decreases dimension of thoracic cavity
90
transverse thoracics origin
body and xiphoid process of sternum
91
transverse thoracics insertion
costal cartilage ribs 2-6
92
transverse thoracics action
depress ribs
93
what is the diaphragm innervated by?
phrenic nerve
c3, 4, 5
94
diaphragm action
primary muscle of respiration, separates thorax from abdomen, contracts during inhalation expanding throacic cavity, relaxes during exhalation
95
serratus anterior origin
anterior/superior margins of ribs 1-8/10
96
serratus anterior insertion
anterior surface of vertebral border of scapula
97
serratus anterior action
protraction, upward rotation (GC moves superiorly)
98
serratus anterior action
protraction, upward rotation (GC moves superiorly)
99
serratus anterior innervation
long thoracic nerve
100
pectoralis minor origin
anterior superior surface of ribs 3-5 and fascia of external intercostal
101
pectoralis minor insertion
coracoid process of scapula
102
pectoralis minor action
depress and protract shoulder downward rotation (GC moves inferiorly), if scapula stable will elevate ribs
103
pectoralis minor innervation
medial pectoral nerve
104
subclavius origin
1st rib
105
subclavius insertion
clavicle infer border of the middle 1/3
106
subclavius action
depress and protract shoulder
107
subclavius innervation
nerve to subclavius
108
what muscles elevate the scapula?
trapezius
levator scapulae
rhomboids
109
what muscles depress the scapula?
gravity
trapezius
serratus anteior
pectoralis
110
what muscles retract the scapula?
trapezius
rhomboids
111
what muscles protract the scapula ?
serratus anterior
pectoralis minor
112
what muscles upward rotate the scapula?
trapezius
serratus anterior
113
what muscles downward rotates the scapula?
gravity
levator scapulae
rhomboids
pectoralis minor
114
pectoralis major origin
cartiliges of ribs 2-6, body of sternum, inferior and medial portion of clavicle
115
pectoralis major insertion
crest of greater tubercle and lateral lip of interbercular sulcus of humerus
116
pectoralis major action
flexion, adduction and medial rotation of shoulder
117
pectoralis major innervation
medial and lateral pectoral nerves
118
deltoid origin
clavicle and scapula (acromion)
119
deltoid insertion
deltoid tuberosity of humerus
120
deltoid action
abduction of shoulder
anterior fibres- flexion, medial rotation of humerus
posteior fibres- extension and lateral rotation humerus
121
deltoid innervation
axillary nerve
122
coracobrachialis origin
coracoid process
123
coracobrachialis insertion
medial margin of shaft of humerus
124
coracobrachialis action
adduction and flexion of shoulder
125
coracobrachilais innervation
musculcotaneous nerve
126
teres major origin
inferior angle of scapula
127
teres major insertion
medial lip of interubercular sulcus of humerus
128
teres major action
extension and medial rotation of shoulder
129
teres major innervation
lower subscapular never
130
latissimus dorsi orgin
SP of inferior thoracic and all lumbar and sacral vertebrae, ribs 8-12 and thoracolumbar fascia
131
latissimus dorsi insertion
floor of bicipital groove of humerus
132
latissimus dorsi action
extension, adduction and medial rotation of shoulder
133
latissimus dorsi innervation
thoracodorsal nerve
134
what makes up the rotator cuff?
supraspinatus
infraspinatus
teres minor
subscapularis
135
supraspinatus proximal attachement
supraspinous fossa of scapula
136
supraspinatus distal attchement
greater tubercle of humerus
137
supraspinatus innervation
suprascapular nerve
138
suspraspinatus action
inititation of abduction (first 15 degrees) of arm at shoulder joint, stabilizes shoulder joint
139
infaspinatus proximal attachement
infaspinatus fossa of scapula
140
infaspinatus distal attachement
greater tubercle of humerus
141
infraspinatus innervation
supra scapular nerve
142
infraspinatus action
lateral rotation of arm at shoulder joint; stabilizes shoulder joint
143
teres minor proximal attachement
posteior inferior portion of the lateral border of the scapula
144
teres minor distal attachement
greater tubercle of humerus
145
teres minor innervation
axillary nerve
146
teres minor action
lateral rotation of arm at shoulder joint; stabilizes shoulder joint
147
subscapularis proximal attachement
sub scapular fossa of the scapula
148
subscapularis distal attachment
lesser tubercle of humerus
149
subscapularis innervation
upper sub scapular and lower subscpaulr nerves
150
subscapularis action
medial rotation of arm at shoulder joint; stabilizes shoulder joint
151
biceps brachii origin
short head- coracoid process
long head- supraglenoid tubercle on scapula
152
biceps brachii insertion
radial tuberosity
153
biceps brachii action
flexion at elbow and shoulder, supination of forearm and hand
154
biceps brachii
musculataneous nerve
155
brachialis origin
distal half of anteior surface of humerus
156
brachialis insertion
ulnar tuberosity and coronoid process
157
brachialis action
flexion at elbow
158
brachialis nerve
musculocutaneous and radial
159
brachioradialis origin
lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus (superior to lateral epicondyle)
160
brachioradialis insertion
lateral aspect of styloid process of radius
161
brachioradialis action
flexion at elbow
162
brachioradialis innervation
radial nevre
163
triceps brachii origin
lateral head- superior lateral margin of humerus
medial head- posteior surface inferior to radial groove
long head- infraglenoid tubercle of the scapula
164
triceps brachii insertion
olecranon process of ulna
165
triceps brachii action
extension at elbow
long head also shoulder extension and adduction
166
triceps brachii innervation
radial nerve
167
anconeus origin
posteior surface of lateral epicondyle of humerus
168
anconeus insertion
lateral margin of olecranon and ulnar shaft
169
anconeus action
extension of elbow
170
anconeus innervation
radial nerve
171
pronator teres origin
medial epicondyle of humerus and coronoid process of ulna
172
pronator teres insertion
middle or lateral surface of radius
173
pronator teres action
pronate forearm and hand
174
pronator teres innervation
median nerve
175
pronator quadratus origin
anteior and medial surface of distal ulna
176
pronator quadratus insertion
anterolateral surface of distal portion of radius
177
pronator quadratus action
pronation (medial rotation of radius)
178
pronator quadratus innervation
median nerve
179
supinator origin
lateral epicondyle of humerus and ridge near radial notch of ulna
180
supinator insertion
anterolateral surface of radius distal to the radial tuberosity
181
supinator action
supinates forearm
182
supinator innervation
deep radial nerve
183
gluteus maximus origin
iliac crest, posterior gluteal line, lateral surface of ilium, sacrum, coccyx and TL fascia
184
gluteus maximus insertion
IT tract and gluteal tuberosity of femur
185
gluteus maximus action
extension and lateral rotation of hip, superior fibres abduction
186
gluteus maximus innervation
inferior gluteal nerve
187
gluteus medius
anterior iliac crest, lateral surface of ilium between posteior and anterior gluteal lines
188
gluteus medius innervation
greater trochanter of femur
189
gluteus medius action
abduction and MR of hip
190
gluteus medius innervation
superior gluteal nerve
191
gluteus minimus origin
lateral surface of ilium between inferior and anterior gluteal lines
192
gluteus minimus insertion
greater trochanter of femur
193
gluteus minimus action
abduction and MR of hip
194
gluteus minimus innervation
superior gluteal nerve
195
tensor fasciae latae origin
iliac crest and lateral surface of ASIS
196
tensor fasciae latae insertion
iliotibial tract
197
tensor fasciae latae action
extension of knee and lateral rotation of leg through the IT tract (abduction and MR of thigh femur)
198
tensor fasciae latae innervation
superior gluteal nerve
199
obturators externus origin
rami of pubis and ischium and external margin of obturator foramen
200
obturators internus origin
inferior margin of superior pubic rami pelvic surface of obturator foramen
201
obturators internus insertion
medial surface of greater trochanter
202
obturators internus action
lateral rotation and abduction of hip, maintain stability
203
obturators internus innervation
special nerve from sacral plexus
204
piriformis origin
anterolateral surface of sacrum
205
piriformis insertion
greater trochanter of femur
206
piriformis action
lateral rotation and abduction of hip, maintain stability
207
piriformis innervation
branches of sacral nerve
208
gemelli (sup and inf) origin
ischial spine- superior
ischial tuberosity- inferior
209
gemelli (sup and inf) insertion
medial surface of greater trochanter via tendon of obturator internus
210
gemelli (sup and inf) action
lateral rotation and abduction of hip
211
gemelli (sup and inf) innervation
nerves to obturator internus and quadratus femoris
212
quadratus femoris origin
lateral border of ischial tuberosity
213
quadratus femoris insertion
intertrochanteric crest of femur
214
quadratus femoris action
lateral rotation of hip- not abduction
215
quadratus femoris innervation
special nerve from sacral plexus
216
iliacus origin
iliac fossa
217
iliacus insertion
femur distal to lesser trochanter (tendon fused with psoas major)
218
iliacus action
flexion at hip- also helps to flex intervertebral joints (lumbar flexion)
219
iliacus innervation
femoral nerve
220
psoas major origin
anteior surfaces and TP of vertebrae T12- L5
221
psoas major insertion
lesser trochanter with iliacus
222
psoas major action
flexion at hip and lumbar flexion
223
psoas major innervation
branches of lumbar plexus
224
adductor Magnus origin
inferior ramus of pubis posteior (deep) to adductor brevis and ischial tuberosity
225
adductor mangus insertion
linea aspera and and adductor tubercle of femur
226
adductor Magnus action
adductor of hip
anteior- flexion and MR
posteior- extension
227
adductor mangus innervation
obturator and sciatic nerves
228
adductor longus origin
inferior ramus of pubis anteior to adductor brevis
229
adductor longus insertion
linea aspera of femur
230
adductor longus action
adduction, flexion and MR of hip
231
adductor longus innervation
obturator nerve
232
adductor brevis origin
inferior ramus of pubis (posteior and medial to the longus)
233
adductor brevis insertion
linea aspera of femur
234
adductor brevis action
adduction and flexion of hip
235
adductor brevis innervation
obturator nerve
236
pectineus origin
superior ramus of pubis (superior)
237
pectineus insertion
pectineal line inferior to lesser trochanter of femur
238
pectineus action
flexion and adduction of hip
239
pectinueus innervation
femoral nerve
240
gracilis origin
inferior ramus of pubis
241
gracilis insertion
medial surface of tibia inferior to medial condyle
242
gracilis action
flexion and MR of knee, adduction and MR of hip
243
gracilis innervation
obturator
244
rectus femoris origin
AIIS and superior acetabular rim of ilium
245
rectus femoris insertion
tibial tuberosity via quad tendon and patella via patellar ligament
246
rectus femoris action
extension of knee, flexion of hip
247
rectus femoris innervation
femoral nerve
248
vastus medialis orgin
entire length of linea aspera
249
vastus medialis insertion
tibial tuberosity
250
vastus medialis action
knee extension
251
vastus medialis innervation
femoral nerve
252
vastus intermedius origin
anterolateral surface of femur and linea aspera (distal surface)
253
vastus intermedius insertion
tibial tuberosity
254
vastus intermedius action
knee extension
255
vastus intermedius innervation
femoral nerve
256
vastus lateralis origin
anteior and inferior greater trochanter and proximal half of linea aspera
257
vastus lateralis insertion
tibial tuberosity
258
vastus lateralis action
knee extension
259
vastus lateralis innervation
femoral nerve
260
sartorius origin
ASIS
261
sartorius insertion
medial surface of tibia
262
sartorius action
flexion at knee, abduction, flexion and lateral rotation at hip
263
sartorius innervation
femoral nerve
264
biceps femoris origin
ischial tuberosity and short head linea aspera
265
biceps femoris insertion
head of fibula, lateral condyle of tibia
266
biceps femoris action
flexion at knee, extension and LR of hip
267
biceps femoris innervation
long head- sciatic nerve
short head- common fibular nerve
268
semimebranosus origin
ischial tuberoisty
269
semimembranosus insertion
posterior surface of medial condyle of tibia
270
semimembranousus action
flexion at knee, extension and MR at hip
271
semimembranosus innervation
sciatic nerve
272
semitendinosus origin
ischial tuberosity
273
semitendinosus insertion
proximal medial surface of tibia
274
semitendinosus action
flexion at knee, extension and MR of hip
275
semitendinosus innervation
sciatic nerve
276
gastrocnemius origin
femoral condyles
277
gastrocnemius insertion
calcaneus
278
gastrocnemius action
PF at ankle
knee flexion
279
plantaris origin
lateral supracondylar ridge
280
plantaris insertion
posterior portion of calcaneus
281
plantaris action
PF at ankle
knee flexion
282
plantaris innervation
tibial nerve
283
soleus origin
head and proximal shaft of fibula, posteromedial shaft of tibia
284
soleus insertion
calcaneus
285
soleus action
PF at ankle, postural support with standing
286
soleus innervation
sciatic nerve, tibial
287
tibialis posterior origin
interosseous membrane and adjacent shafts of tibia and fibula
288
tibialis posterior insertion
navicular, 3 cuneiforms, cuboid, 204th metatarsal
289
tibialis posterior action
inversion of foot
PF of ankle
290
tibialis posterior innervation
sciatic nerve, tibial nevre
291
flexor digitorum longus origin
posteromedial surface of tibia
292
flexor digitorum longus insertion
inferior surface of distal phalanges, toes 2-5
293
flexor digitorum longus action
flexion of toes 2-5, plantar flexes ankle
294
flexor digitorum longus innervation
tibial
295
flexor hallucis longus origin
posteior surface of fibula
296
flexor hallucis longus insertion
inferior surface, distal phalanx of great toe
297
flexor hallucis longus action
flexion great toe, PF ankle
298
flexor hallucis longus innervation
tibial
299
popliteus origin
lateral condyle of femur
300
popliteus insertion
posteior surface of proximal tibial shaft
301
popliteus action
medial rotation of tibia (LR of femur)
302
popliteus innervation
tibial nerve
303
fibularis longus origin
head and proximal shaft of fibula
304
fibularis longus insertion
base of first metatarsal and medial cuneiform
305
fibularis longus action
eversion and PF of ankles, arch support
306
fibularis longus innervation
superficial fibular nerve
307
fibularis breivis origin
mid lateral margin of fibula
308
fibularis brevis insertion
base of fith metatarsal bone
309
fibularis brevis action
eversion of foot and plantar flexion at ankle
310
fibularis brevis innervation
supeirfical fibular nerve
311
tibialis anterior origin
lateral condyle and proximal shaft of tibia
312
313
tibialis anterior action
DF at ankle, inversion of foot
314
tibialis anterior innervation
deep fibular nerve
315
extensor digitorum longus origin
lateral condyle of tibia, anterior surface of fibula
316
extensor digitorum longus insertion
superior surface of phalanges toes 2-5
317
extensor digitorum longus action
extension of toes 2-5, DF at ankle
318
extensor digitorum longus innervation
deep fibular nerve
319
extensor hallucis longus origin
anterior surface of fibula
320
extensor hallucis longus insertion
superior surface, distal phalanx of great toe
321
extensor hallucis longus action
extension of great toe, DF ankle
322
extensor hallucis longus innervation
deep fibular nerve
323
Winter Term 2026
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Decks in class (9)
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