Help seeking

Question 1

questions about help seeking

Answer 1

• do people always want help
• will people who need it ask for it
• do some people constantly seek help
• are some people better able to elicit help

Question 2

threats to self esteem model of help seeking

Answer 2

• reaction to recieving help depends on effect on self esteem
• threats: e.g. lack of autonomy, unable to reciprocate (tyranny of the gift), negative impact on self-worth
• supports: good

Question 3

demographic of help seeking

Answer 3

• women seek more help: look to male alliances under stress (oxytoxin mediated) tend and befriend
• men tend to fight or flight (testosterone mediated)
• white people less likely to seek help
• younger and older people less likely to seek help
• relationship: family, self-help groups, communal (quality of relationship and care) vs exchange relationships (cost/benefits of an exchange)
• paradox of help seeking: threatened by a problem yet choose someone of high status or power to help you (impact on self-esteem)
• loss of control: need to re-establish control, you may give up help-seeking if the problem is uncontrollable
• if the problem relates to self worth: end of relationship: less likely to seek help. death of spouse: seek help

Question 4

help seeking and extraversion

Answer 4

• Ferguson et al 2001
• instrumental support: help solve problems
• emotional support: help dealing with emotions associated with the problem
• extraversion is correlated with help seeeking
• seeking support is associated with venting emotions

Question 5

are some people more likely to be helped?

Answer 5

• Zaki 2008
• • phase 1: discussed emotional evets on video and rated their own emotions and emotional expressivity
• phase 2: second group rated index of empathy and rated emotion expressed in phase 1 vids
• correlation between emotions rated in phase 1 and empathy and emotonal expression in phase 2
• when the perciever is high in trait empathy and the expresser is high in the ability to express emotion the perciever is accurate in judging them

Question 6

empathy is important for….

Answer 6

low cost helping only

Question 7

bystander effect

Answer 7

• explained in terms of ocial roles and stereotypes
• but a more parsimonious explanation is an evolutionary one
• help in prescence of friend
• dont help in prescence of strangers

Question 8

cost-benefit analysis

Answer 8

• costs and benefits to both self and recipient
• how does helpig someone change your relationship or relationship to others
• e.g. if you help a friends enemy youll be hurting the friend

Question 9

SAVE model of pro-sociality

Answer 9

• sociocultural appraisals, values and emotions
• Keltner 2014
• ## 4 levels: intrapsychic, (bias, individual differences, guilt) dyadic (reciprocity, self-other similarity) , group (reputation, prosocial contagion, altruistic punishment), cultural (norms, values, religion)

Question 10

behaviour vs interaction

Answer 10

• behaviour: action selected by an individual in social isolation adn selected for
  interaction: action influenced by previous experiences

Question 11

lifetime vs immediate consequeces

Answer 11

• lifetme: action that influeces direct life-time fitness consequences
• immediate: actions in the consequence of a social exchange