hernia

Question 1

what is a hernia

Answer 1

an abnormal protrusion of a viscus out with its normal body cavity

arise from natural openings or due to weakness

Question 2

name some predisposing factors that all increase intra-abdominal pressure

Answer 2

• coughing
• constipation
• pregnancy
• prostatism
• obesity
• heavy lifting

Question 3

what is prostatism a sign of

Answer 3

compression or obstruction of the urethra

Question 4

what can happen to irreducible hernias

Answer 4

obstructed or incarcerated

Question 5

what happens when irreducible hernias are incarcerated

Answer 5

contents of the hernia sac are stuck inside by adhesions

can become strangulated

Question 6

what can obstructed hernias lead to

Answer 6

strangulated hernias

Question 7

where do incsional hernias occur

Answer 7

through a surgical incision

Question 8

who are paraumbilical hernias seen in

Answer 8

adults (women) and obese patients

Question 9

who are umbilical hernias seen in

Answer 9

children, especially low birth weight infants

Question 10

what is the outcome of umbilical hernias

Answer 10

usually resolve by the age of 3, if not then surgery

Question 11

where does an epigastric hernia occur

Answer 11

pass through the linea alba above the umbilicus

Question 12

what do epigastric hernias arise from

Answer 12

congenital weakness of the linea alba

Question 13

who are epigastric hernias more common in

Answer 13

>40 and obese

Question 14

what is indirect inguinal hernia due to

Answer 14

patent processus vaginalis

Question 15

who are indirect inguinal hernias seen in

Answer 15

in young male

Question 16

if the hernia is above and medal to the pubic tubercule what is it

Answer 16

inguinal

Question 17

if the hernia is below and lateral to the pubic tubercule what is it

Answer 17

femoral

Question 18

if the deep ring is occluded and the patient coughs and the hernia reappears what is it

Answer 18

direct

Question 19

position of direct inguinal hernia in relation to inf epigastric vessels

Answer 19

medial

Question 20

position of indirect inguinal hernia in relation to inf epigastric vessels

Answer 20

lateral

Question 21

what is the superficial ring

Answer 21

v shaped defect in the ext oblique aponeurosis

Question 22

which type of inguinal hernia is more likely to strangulate

Answer 22

indirect

Question 23

who are direct inguinal hernias more common in

Answer 23

older men

Question 24

complications of inguinal hernias

Answer 24

Haematoma, urinary retention, wound infection, chronic neurogenic pain, hernia recurrence, testicular pain and atrophy

Question 25

treatment of inguinal hernia

Answer 25

herniotomy and herniorrhaphy

Question 26

what is herniotomy

Answer 26

excision of peritoneal sac

Question 27

what is herniorrhaphy

Answer 27

repair of defect in wall

Question 28

how to treat congenital hernias

Answer 28

herniotomy

Question 29

what would you advise post op

Answer 29

no driving for about a week and no heavy lifting for a month

Question 30

who are femoral hernias common in

Answer 30

thin elderly female

Question 31

femoral hernia

Answer 31

protrusion of abdominal viscera through the femoral ring into the femoral canal

Question 32

what happens to the groin crease with femoral hernias l

Answer 32

loss of groin crease

Question 33

symptoms of sliding hiatus hernia

Answer 33

none apart from acid reflux

Question 34

symptoms of rolling hiatus hernia

Answer 34

occasionally sever pain occurs due to volvulus or strangulation

Question 35

diagnostic test for hiatus hernia

Answer 35

Ba swallow

Question 36

treatment for hiatus hernia

Answer 36

treat reflux symptoms, lose weight