HIV/AIDS

Question 1

What is HIV?

Answer 1

Human immunodeficiency virus

Question 2

What are the types of HIV? 2

Answer 2

1. HIV-1
2. HIV-2

Question 3

In Southern Africa what is the main type?

Answer 3

HIV-1 Subtype c which is common in china and india

Question 4

What is the main protein in the core of HIV? Why is this important?

Answer 4

The main protein in the core of HIV is p24 and is important when diagnosing HIV.

Question 5

What viral proteins are found on the outside of the virus? What is their significance?

Answer 5

1. Knoblike protein called gp120
2. Spike like protein called gp41

These proteins are important in the initial phases of the infection

Question 6

How does HIV invade? 7

Answer 6

1. Binding
2. Fusion
3. Reverse transcription
4. Integration
5. Replication
6. Assembly
7. Budding

Question 7

What are the criteria for AIDS? 3

Answer 7

1. HIV positive
2. Less than 200 cells/mm³
3. Has an AIDS defining illness

Question 8

What tests are done to confrim HIV? 4

Answer 8

Blood tests: test for antibodies:

1. ELISA
2. Westernblot

HI virus tests, test for actual virus in blood by detecting viral protein p24

1. P24 antigen test
2. PCR

Question 9

What is the normal CD4 range.

Answer 9

500-1500 cell/mm³

Opportunistic infections occurs when less than 200

Question 10

What are the 2 staging classficiation of HIV?

Answer 10

1. CDC classification system for HIV
2. WHO clinical staging for HIV

Question 11

Describe the stages of HIV according to the CDC classification.

Answer 11

1. Stage 1: Acute HIV infection
2. Stage 2: Clinical latency (HIV inactivity/ dormancy)
3. Stage 3: AIDS

Question 12

Describe WHO stages:

Answer 12

1. Primary HIV infection: Asymptomatic
2. Clinical stage 1: Asymptomatic 500-800 signs of persistent lymph adenopathy
3. Clinical stage 2: Minor symptomatic 350- 500
4. Clinical stage 3:Major symptomatic, 200- 350
5. Clinical stage 4: Severe symptomatic stage, AIDS defining. < 200

Question 13

What is the aim of ante-retroviral therapy 6

Answer 13

1. To provide maximal and durable suppresion of VL
2. To restore and preserve immune function
3. Reduce HIV-related infections and non-infectious morbidity
4. Prolong life expectency and improve quality of life
5. Prevent onward transmission of HIV
6. Minimise adverse effects of treatment

Question 14

What are the classes of ante-retrovirals?

Answer 14

1. Fusion inhibitors
2. Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors
3. Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors
4. Protease inhibitors
5. Integrase inhibitors