What is exercise?

Question 1

What are the benefits of exercise? 6

Answer 1

1. Pathology: diseases, disorders, conditions, abnormality:•Hypertension – exercise assists with lowering blood pressure
2. Impairments of body function: physiological or anatomical: •After a stroke – the arm or leg does not function due to increase or decrease tone, therefore specific exercises can assist with normalizing tone to improve function.
3. Personal level: functional limitations: •After hip surgery, I was unable to put on my scandals or dry my feet but with exercise my range of movement improved so I was over time able to reach my feet.
4. Social level: participation: •Social level: Indoor soccer or netball
5. Psychological level: Psychological level: Feeling part of something
6. Prevention level: •Discovery vitality encouraging clients to get tested for fitness and obtaining points by attending gym is a level of prevention

Question 2

Exercise is either: 2

Answer 2

1. Aerobic
2. Anaerobic

Question 3

For short term energy we use:

Answer 3

Anaerobic/ lactate system

Question 4

For immediate energy we use:

Answer 4

ATP- Phosphocreatine system

Question 5

For long term energy we use:

Answer 5

Aerobic system

Question 6

Describe the anaerobic changes in the muscolskeletal system in response to exercise. 3

Answer 6

1. Increase in muscular strength (Type II)
2. Increase in resting levels of anaerobic substrates (glycogen, creatine phosphate, ATP)
3. Increase in quantitiy and activity of key enzymes that control anaerobic phase for glucose breakdown

Question 7

Describe the aerobic changes in the muscolskeletal system in response to exercise 5

Answer 7

1. Increase in size and number of mitochondria
2. Increased capacity to generate ATP aerobically
3. Increase capacity in muscle to mobilize and oxidize fat
4. Increased myoglobin content
5. All fibre type maximize the already exisiting aerobic potential

Question 8

Describe the acute adaptations in the cardiovascular system 5

Answer 8

Increased:

1. Heart rate
2. stroke volume
3. Cardiac output
4. blood flow

Decreased:

1. vascular resistance

Question 9

Describe the chronic adaptations in the cardiovascular system 6

Answer 9

Increased:

1. Plasma volume
2. Red cell mass
3. Total blood volume
4. Maximal stroke volume
5. Maximal cardiac output

Decreased:

1. systolic and diastolic BP

Question 10

What are the long term effects of aerobic training? 7

Answer 10

1. Increased heart size and weight
2. Heart rate increases initially wit aerobic training but it decreases with prolonged aerobic training
3. Stroke volume is increased at rest and with exercise
4. As stroke volume increases so too does cardiac output
5. BP : acute increase during endurance and strength training
6. With prolonged endurance training BP decreases
7. Oxygen uptake increases with endurance training

Question 11

What are the acute effects on the pulmonary system ? 5

Answer 11

1. A rapid increas in ventilation, pulmonary blood flow and lung compliance
2. Airway dilation and decreased resistance to air flow
3. Increased breathing volumes improves oxygen uptake
4. Increased minute ventilation
5. Increaed blood flow to exercising muscle

Question 12

What are the acute effects on the nervous system 10

Answer 12

1. Increased SNS activity
2. Increased endorphin release improves mood
3. Increased norepinephrine release decreases pain
4. Temporary increase in body temp contributes to decrease in muscle tension, elevate mood, reudce anxiety and improve sleeping pattern
5. Improve co-ordination and balance
6. NE release stimulate pulmonary and CVS response to increase oxygen to muscle
7. Growth hormone increases
8. Testosterone and anabolic and androgenic hormones increeases
9. Erythropoeiten promotes production of red blood cell
10. Cortisol increases to promote production of glucose

Question 13

What are the acute effects on the Immune system 4

Answer 13

1. Increased WBC during endurance training
2. THis promotes healing and repair injured muscles
3. Overtraining will have undersired effects on the immune system
4. HIV

Question 14

What are the acute effects on the gastrointestinal system

Answer 14

1. Shunting of blood occurs
2. Increased GIT mobility, decreased constipation
3. Prolonged activity will cause diarrheea, incontinence, somach ache, vomiting, reflux and heart burn
4. Sometimes rectal bleeding may occur after prolonged exercise.