What is hormone
location of glands
hormones and functions of adrenal modulla
Hormones of adrenal cortex
Hormones of hypothalamus
hormones of ovary
Hormones of pancreas
parathyroid hormones
pineal hormones
pituitary hormones
hormones of testis
hormones of thymus
hormones of thyroid
What are hormones?
Hormones are non-nutrient chemicals that act as intercellular messengers and are produced in trace amounts.
Where are the adrenal glands located?
Our body has one pair of adrenal glands, one at the anterior part of each kidney.
What are the two main tissues of the adrenal gland?
The adrenal gland is composed of two types of tissues: the centrally located adrenal medulla and the outer adrenal cortex.
What hormones are secreted by the adrenal medulla?
The adrenal medulla secretes adrenaline (epinephrine) and noradrenaline (norepinephrine), commonly called catecholamines.
When are adrenaline and noradrenaline secreted?
They are rapidly secreted in response to stress or emergency situations and are called emergency hormones or hormones of Fight or Flight.
What are the effects of catecholamines on the body?
They increase alertness, pupil dilation, piloerection, sweating, heartbeat, strength of heart contraction, and respiration rate. They also stimulate glycogen breakdown to raise blood glucose, and promote breakdown of lipids and proteins.
How is the adrenal cortex structured?
The adrenal cortex has three layers: zona glomerulosa (outer), zona fasciculata (middle), and zona reticularis (inner).
What hormones are secreted by the adrenal cortex?
The adrenal cortex secretes corticoids, including glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoids, and small amounts of androgenic steroids.
What is the main glucocorticoid and its function?
Cortisol is the main glucocorticoid. It stimulates gluconeogenesis, lipolysis, proteolysis, inhibits cellular amino acid uptake, maintains cardiovascular and kidney function, produces anti-inflammatory effects, suppresses immunity, and stimulates RBC production.
What is the main mineralocorticoid and its function?
Aldosterone is the main mineralocorticoid. It acts at renal tubules to reabsorb Na+ and water, excrete K+ and phosphate ions, and maintain electrolytes, body fluid volume, osmotic pressure, and blood pressure.
What is the function of adrenal androgenic steroids?
They are involved in the growth of axial, pubic, and facial hair during puberty.
