How do synths work?

Question 1

Oscillator (VCO)

Answer 1

Waveform:
Changes the character of the sound

Tuning:
Adjusts pitch (In semitones or cents)

Question 2

Filter

Answer 2

Cutoff:
Removes frequencies above or below a certain point

Filter type:
Changes how the filter behaves

Resonance:
Boosts frequencies around the cutoff point for a sharper sound

Question 3

Envelope

Answer 3

Attack
Decay
Sustain (High/low)
Release

Question 4

Modulation (LFO)

Answer 4

Rate:
Speed of modulation (Vibrato speed)

Waveform:
Shape of the modulation signal

Tuning:
Modulates pitch (Vibrato)

Cutoff:
Modulates filter frequency