HTA

Question 1

Fenotipurile de HTA

Answer 1

1. Normotensiv
2. HT de halat alb
3. HT mascata
4. HTA

Question 2

Diferenta uzuala dintre TA sistolica si diastolica

Answer 2

< 50 mmHg

Question 3

Definitie hipotensiune ortostatica

Answer 3

Scadere sustinuta a TA, >20 mmHg TAs, >10 mmHg TAd la 3 min dupa trecerea in ortostatism

Question 4

Principalele mecanisme care afecteaza TA

Answer 4

1. Volumul vascular
2. Tonusul vascular
3. Debitul cardiac

Question 5

Substante implicate in cresterea TA (8)

Answer 5

1. Alcool
2. Droguri
3. AINS
4. Corticosteroizi
5. Pilule contraceptive
6. Inhibitori de calcineurina
7. Inhibitorii factorului de crestere endotelial vascular
8. Unele antidepresive (venlafaxina)

Question 6

Cele mai frecvente cauze ale HTA secundare

Answer 6

1. Hiperaldosteronismul primar (cresterea retentiei de apa si Na)
2. Apneea obstructiva in somn
3. Obezitatea

Question 7

Raspunsul fiziologic al TA in sarcina

Answer 7

Creste vol circulant => vasodilatatie => TA scade in special in trim II

Question 8

Simptome feocromocitom

Answer 8

1. Palpitatii
2. Transpiratii
3. Pusee hipertensive
4. Vertij
5. Paloare
6. Anxietate

Question 9

Clasificarea retinopatiei

Answer 9

1. Usoara - ingustare arteriolara - generalizata
   - focala
   - incrucisare arterio-venoasa
2. Moderata - hemoragie - pata, punct, flacara
   - microanevrisme
   - pete cu aspect de vata
   - exsudate dure / combinatii
3. Severa - retinopatie moderata + edem papilar

Question 10

Detectarea stadiilor precoce ale afectarii renale hipertensive

Answer 10

Bandelete de testare a urinii => creste microalbuminuria, creste rap albumina/creatinina

Question 11

Medicamente cu mecanism de act - reducerea angiotensinei II + vasoconstrictie

Answer 11

IECA

ARA

Question 12

Efecte adverse IECA

Answer 12

1. Tuse
2. Angioedem
3. Hiperpotasemie

Question 13

Mecanism de actiune Ca2+ blocante

Answer 13

Vasodilatatie periferica

Question 14

Contraindicatii Ca2+ blocante non-dhp

Answer 14

BAV inalt, bradicardie

Question 15

Efectul advers comun al Ca2+ blocantelor

Answer 15

Constipatia

Question 16

Efecte adverse diuretice tiazidice

Answer 16

1. HipoNa
2. HipoK
3. Hiperuricemie
4. Hiperglicemie

Question 17

Spironolactona - clasa, efecte adverse

Answer 17

1. Diuretic econ de K

2. HipoNa, HiperK, ginecomastie

Question 18

Contraindicatii beta blocante

Answer 18

1. Astm
2. BAV inalt
3. Bradicardie

Question 19

Exemple antihipertensive din clasele:

1. IECA
2. ARA
3. Ca2+ blocante
4. Diuretice
5. Beta blocante
6. Alfa blocante
7. Central

Answer 19

1. Ramipril 2,5-10 mg zilnic
2. Losartan 25-100 mg zilnic
3. Amlodipina 5-10 mg zilnic
   Verapamil 120-480 mg zilnic
4. Indapamida 1,5-2,5 mg zilnic
   Spironolactona 25-50 mg zilnic
5. Bisoprolol 2,5-10 mg zilnic
6. Doxazosin 1-8 mg zilnic
7. Metildopa 250-500 mg x 3/zi

Question 20

Terapia in encefalopatia hipertensiva

Answer 20

Labetalol, nicardipina iv

Question 21

Asocierea retinopatiei moderat-severe apare in

Answer 21

1. Hipertensiune maligna

2. Encefalopatie hipertensiva

Question 22

Examinare in disectia acuta de aorta

Answer 22

1. Diferenta de puls sau de TA intre membrele sup

2. Incompetenta valvulara aortica

Question 23

Terapia de prima linie in EPA

Answer 23

NTG, morfina iv

Question 24

Examinarea in EPA

Answer 24

Raluri subcrepitante bazale bilat, turgescenta venelor jugulare

Question 25

Terapia de prima linie in SCA

Answer 25

NTG, labetalol iv