HTN

Question 1

Which of the following statements regarding malignant hypertension is correct?

A Affects 1 to 5% of chronic hypertension sufferers
B Occurs mainly in the older population
C 75% recover with no loss of renal function
D Is associated with low levels of renin

Answer 1

Affects 1 to 5% of chronic hypertension sufferers

Risk factors include: younger individuals, men, black and those with a diastole of >130mmHg.
It is associated with abnormally high levels of renin.
75% will survive 5 years and 50% will survive with a pre-crisis renal function

Question 2

In hypertension what are the 2 types of small blod vessel disease

Answer 2

Hypertension is associated with 2 forms of small blood vessel disease:
hyaline arteriolosclerosis and hyperplastic arteriolosclerosis

Question 3

Baroreceptors

A Are located in the carotid bodies
B Have afferent fibres which use glutamate as an excitatory transmitter
C Are located in the tunica media of vessels
D Are reset in chronic hypertension to bring blood pressure back to normal

Answer 3

Have afferent fibres which use glutamate as an excitatory transmitter

are in the tunica adventitia
The carotid sinus and aortic arch receptors monitor the arterial circulation
In chronic hypertension the baroreceptor reflex mechanism is reset to maintain an elevated rather than a normal blood pressure.

Question 4

Which is the main risk factor for diastolic dysfunction?

A Hypertension
B Bilateral renal artery stenosis
C Coronary heart disease
DDiabetic heart disease

Answer 4

A Hypertension

Question 5

What is the mechanism of oedema in congestive cardiac failure?

A Decreased osmotic pressure
B Increased osmotic pressure
C Increased venous pressure
D Decreased venous pressure

Answer 5

C Increased venous pressure