1
Q
Boyles law
A
Volume x Pressure = constant
2
Q
Charles’ Law
A
Volume of gas varies directly with temperature
3
Q
Dalton’s Law
A
Partial pressures
4
Q
Fick’s Law
A
States that gas will diffuse from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration
5
Q
General Gas Law
A
P1 V1 T2 = P2 V2 T1
6
Q
Henry’s Law
A
Amount of gas dissolved in a liquid is proportional to the pressure acting over the liquid
7
Q
% of oxygen in lungs at sea level
A
14.5%
8
Q
Hypoxia reaction threshold
A
7000 ft
9
Q
Hypoxia disturbance threshold
A
10-12,000 ft
10
Q
Hypoxia critical threshold
A
22,000 ft
11
Q
Night vision affected by Hypoxia occurs above X ft
A
5000
12
Q
Euphoria due to hypoxia occurs above X ft
A
10,000
13
Q
Symptom of hypoxia but not hyper ventilation
A
Cyanosis (blue tinge)
14
Q
Early symptom of hyperventilation is…
A
Dizziness
15
Q
Histotoxic hypoxia is usually caused by…
A
Narcotics/drugs
16
Q
The body can tolerate between X g unaided…
A
7 and 8g
17
Q
Cosmic radiation levels must be monitored on flights above an altitude of…
A
49,000 ft
18
Q
Ozone is concentrated in the…
A
Top half of the stratosphere
19
Q
Total gas volume of the lung is the sum of:
A
Tidal volume
Inspiratory reserve volume
Expiratory reserve volume
Residual volume
20
Q
Time of useful consciousness at 40,000 feet after decompression
A
15-20 seconds
21
Q
Relative humidity formula
A
RH = 100 - (5 *spread)
22
Q
Dry adiabatic lapse rate
A
-3degC / 1000ft
23
Q
Standard environment lapse rate
A
-2degC / 1000ft
24
Q
Saturated adiabatic lapse rate at mid latitudes
A
-1.8degC / 1000ft
25
Most common colours affected by colour blindness
Red and green
26
What % of men are color blind?
7%
27
Adaption time of rods and cones to reduced light
Cones 7 mins
Rods 30 mins
28
Human ear has a range of
20 to 20,000 Hz
29
Human ear is most sensitive in the range of
750 to 4,000 Hz
30
Presbycusis
Hearing loss as a result of old age
31
Prolonged exposure to more than x dB can cause permanent hearing damage
90
32
The medulla oblongata controls…
Breathing and heart rate
33
Hypothalamus controls…
Water balance and temperature
34
Pituitary gland controls…
Growth, blood pressure, blood sugar level
35
Cerebellum controls…
Balance and posture
36
Cerebral cortex controls…
Memory, imagination, thought, sight, sound and taste
37
Saccade cycle takes about…
1/3rd of a second
38
In fog/haze, objects may appear…
Further away than they are in reality
39
Approaching an up sloping runway, a pilot may perceive that he is…
Higher than expected, and shoot a low/shallow approach and land short as a result
40
The black hole phenomenon tends to cause a pilot to believe…
They are too high on approach, leading to dropping low and landing short
41
Somatogravic illusions cause…
Pitch to be sensed under acceleration
42
If a pilot moves head too quickly during a tight turn, what may result?
Coriolis illusion
43
Myopia
Short sightedness
Requires concave lens for correction
44
Hypermetropic
Longsightedness
Requires convex lens
45
High blood pressure
140/90
46
Good blood pressure
120/80
47
Angina
Early indication of heart disease
48
Risk factors for heart disease (in order high to low)
Family history
Smoking
High blood pressure
High cholesterol
Lack of exercise
Diabetes
49
BMI for overweight and obese for men
25 overweight
30 obese
50
Recommended daily intake of water
1.6 litres for a woman
2.0 litres for a man
51
Astigmatism is caused by
Mis-shapened cornea
52
Recommended minimum exercise to reduce risk of coronary artery disease
Min of 3x 20 min exercise per week that doubles heart rate
53
Aerodontalgia is
Pain caused by expanding pockets of air trapped in a diseased or badly filled tooth.
Presents during ascent. Not during descent.
54
Malaria
Dengue fever
Insect borne diseases spread by mosquito bites
55
Yellow fever
Insect borne but can be vaccinated against
56
Polio
Spread human to human but can be vaccinate against
57
Typhoid
Bacterial infection spread by ingestion or contaminated food or water. Can be vaccinated against.
58
Hep A
Contracted by eating food or drink contaminated with human faeces
59
Hep B or C
Can be caught by improperly sterilised needles
Exposure to infected bodily fluids
60
Hep A and B
Can be vaccinated against
Gamma globulin treats hep A
61
Damaging units of alcohol
30 / week for men
20 / week for women
1 unit = half pint or beer or 1 measure of spirit
62
Alcohol is broken down in the body at a rate of…
15mg / 100ml per hour
63
EU-OPS rules on alcohol
Drugs or substances that could impair performance are prohibited
No alcohol less than 8 hours before flight
No alcohol while on active or standby duty
Blood alcohol level to be less than 20mg/100ml
64
Anaesthetic
Do not fly within 12 hours of a local or 48 hours of a general
65
Circadian rhythm is how long?
25 hours
Easier to fly west than east
66
Body temperature varies between
36.2c at 5am
To
36.8c at 6pm
67
Performance of simple tasks is worst at A and best at B
A = Dawn
B = Early evening
68
Normal sleep cycle is around…
90 minutes
69
Orthodox sleep is essential for
Physical recovery
70
Smoking a pack of cigarettes a day reduces lung capacity by…
10%
71
Number of stages of sleep
5
72
Nap duration
30-45 minutes
Time to fully awake after is 5 mins
73
X% of the information we process enters via the visual channel
70
74
Visual constancy is the…
process of recognising familiar objects even in unfamiliar conditions
75
Sensory store
Iconic and echoic memory
Lasts 2-3 seconds
76
Working memory
Short term memory
15-30 seconds
5 +-2 bits of information
77
Long term memory
Semantic, episodic and procedural memory
Unlimited information held indefinitely
78
Iconic memory lasts
0.5 seconds
79
Echoic memory lasts
8 seconds
80
Skills are learned in three stages:
1. Cognitive
2. Associative
3. Autonomous
(Anderson’s model)
81
Three types of leadership style
Autocratic
Laissez-faire
Synergistic
82
Personality is the…
Stable behavioural characteristics associated with an individual
(Traits or factors)
83
An attitude is…
A predisposition to behave in a certain way towards certain events
84
Eysencks 2D model of personality
Neuroticism
Extroversion
85
Five big factors used to describe personality are
Extroversion
Agreeableness
Conscientiousness
Neuroticism
Openness to experience
86
Motivation is…
the difference between what a person can do and what a person will do
87
Maslows heirarchy of needs
Bottom to top
Need for survival
Need for safety
Need for love and belonging
Need for self esteem
Self actualisation
88
Six principal attitudes hazardous to aviation
Anti-authoritarianism
Impulsiveness
Sense of invulnerability
Excessive self-esteem (“macho”)
Resignation
Complacency
89
Three phases of response to a stressor are
Alarm phase
Resistance
Exhaustion
(Collectively known as the general adaptation syndrome)
90
Psychosomatic illness
Physical illness stemming from psychological causes
91
Human pilot advantages over automated systems include
Intelligence
Inductive reasoning
Motivation
Reliability
Decision making
Prioritisation of tasks
92
Increased automation may lead to
Increased complacency
Increased number of slips (routine errors)
93
These factors make up our personality
Heredity
Upbringing
Childhood environment
Past experience
94
Behaviour is the result of X and Y
Personality
Attitude
95
40,000 ft, 100% oxygen is equivalent to normal oxygen level at altitude
10,000 ft
96
34,000 ft, 100% oxygen is equivalent to normal oxygen level at altitude
Sea level
97
Oxygen required above 40,000 ft
100% under pressure
ATPL Mod 1
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Decks in class (4)
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