Humanistic Approach

Question 1

What is free will

Answer 1

The notion that humans can make choices and are not determined by biological or external factors and act as active goals

Question 2

Humanistic psychologists reject what and why

Answer 2

Reject scientific models that establish general principles of human behaviour as everyone is unique

Question 3

What is Maslow’s hierarchy of needs

Answer 3

Maslow devised a hierarchy of needs, which outlines the path that must be taken to achieve self-actualisation

Question 4

How is the hierarchy presented

Answer 4

Presented as a pyramid

Question 5

The hierarchy is presented as a pyramid, what do the larger low platforms encompass

Answer 5

The basic needs that all humans require for life at the level of ‘existence’ rather than excellence

Question 6

The higher the person ascends the pyramid, what does this mean

Answer 6

The richer and more fulfilling their life is likely to be

Question 7

How many levels are there in the hierarchy

Answer 7

5 levels

Question 8

Name all 5 levels in the hierarchy

Answer 8

-Physiological needs
-Safety needs
-Love/Belonging
-Esteem needs
-Self-actualisation

Question 9

What is Level 1 called

Answer 9

Physiological needs

Question 10

What does this level of physiological needs mean

Answer 10

It covers all life-supporting, essential elements e.g. clean water, food, clean air, shelter, sleep

Question 11

What is almost impossible to do in the physiological needs

Answer 11

It is almost impossible to ascend any further up the pyramid without covering life-supporting, essential elements in the first place

Question 12

What is level 2 called

Answer 12

Safety needs to be

Question 13

What is safety needs

Answer 13

This level includes security, protection, a degree of predictability, freedom from persecution

Question 14

If life was chaotic and subject to change at any moment, what would it be difficult to do (Level 2: Safety Needs)

Answer 14

Pursue a goal

Question 15

What is the 3rd level called

Answer 15

Love/Belonging

Question 16

What does Love/Belonging acknowledge

Answer 16

Acknowledges the important ace of having a supportive network, friendship, love, intimacy, and a feeling of belonging

Question 17

One may be doing well and earning good money in a job but without friends or a sense of community what is going to happen

Answer 17

They are unlikely to feel truly fulfilled

Question 18

What is Level 4 called

Answer 18

Esteem needs

Question 19

What does esteem needs include

Answer 19

Positive self-image, achievement, mastery of a skill, reputation, autonomy

Question 20

Level 4: Esteem need—— A person may be the best violin player in the world but can feel what if their parents are disinterested

Answer 20

Worthless

Question 21

What is level 5 called

Answer 21

Self-actualisation

Question 22

What is self actualisation

Answer 22

The achievement of a person’s full potential, becoming the best version of themselves

Question 23

What does Level 5, self-actualisation include

Answer 23

Includes self-fulfilment, transcendence, personal growth, being in a ‘flow’ state, the ultimate achievement

Question 24

It is only possible to reach self-actualisation when what has been done

Answer 24

Once all of the previous levels have been scaled

Question 25

The process of reaching self-actualisation is the what

Answer 25

The ultimate, aspirational goal, not everyone will achieve it for a variety of reasons e.g. illness, unexpected life events, personality factors, socioeconomic status

Question 26

What is The Self

Answer 26

This is your concern of you and how you perceive yourself and is based on how much self-worth you think you have, it is also the basis of your self esteem

Question 27

There are two types of self:

Answer 27

-The real self -The ideal self

Question 28

What is THE REAL SELF

Answer 28

Who you actually are so your true thoughts, feelings and behaviours

Question 29

What is THE IDEAL SELF

Answer 29

The person you want to be e.g. your goals values on how you wish too see yourself

Question 30

What is congruence

Answer 30

Is the match between the perceived or actual self and ideal self (the self you would like to be)

Question 31

What does incongruence refer to

Answer 31

Refers to the state where a person’s ideal self and their real self don’t align

Question 32

Incongruence can stem from various factors such as:

Answer 32

-Sociable expectation -Personal beliefs -The impact of childhood experience

Question 33

What does conditions of worth refer to

Answer 33

Refers to others imposing conditions on individuals about what to do or how to behave in order to love and accept them —— a person may then start imposing conditions of worth on themselves too

Question 34

What can often go hand in hand with conditions of worth

Answer 34

Unconditional positive regard (UPR)

Question 35

When does Unconditional Positive Regard occur

Answer 35

Occurs when others love an individual unconditionally without imposing conditions of worth

Question 36

Meaning of UPR

Answer 36

Means accepting someone as they are, even if their thoughts, feelings, or actions are not necessarily what the other would choose

Question 37

The Self Congruence, and Conditions Of Worth: What did Rogers argue

Answer 37

Rogers argued that for personal growth to be achieved an individual’s concept of self must be in congruence with their ideal self

Question 38

If too big of a gap exists between the two ‘selves’ what will the person experience

Answer 38

Will experience a state of incongruence

Question 39

If a person experiences incongruence what is not possible and why

Answer 39

Self-actualisation will not be the possible due to the negative feelings of self-worth that arise from incongruence

Question 40

Weaknesses of Humanistic Approaches

Answer 40

-Considered non-scientific due to its reliance on non-experimental qualitative methods -Humanistic psychology may be culturally biased towards Western individualism, it emphasises self-actualisation through personal success, which contrasts with the collectivists values of many cultures, where group harmony and family prioritised, even at the expense of individual needs

Question 41

Strengths of Humanistic Approach

Answer 41

-Humanistic ideas have had practical applications, including client-therapy, and Maslow’s hierarchy of needs has been widely applied -Explains behaviour could be more accurate, capturing the complexity of human experience