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iac_amazon_connect_flashcards

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1
Q

Infrastructure as Code (IaC)

A

Practice of managing and provisioning cloud infrastructure through code artifacts instead of manual processes. Ensures version control

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2
Q

Automated Infrastructure Provisioning

A

IaC activates automated provisioning of contact center resources. Includes servers

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3
Q

Configuration Management Benefit

A

Configuration Management Benefit (IaC) → Deploy IVR
This is about using tools like CloudFormation, CDK, or Terraform to deploy your entire IVR/contact flow infrastructure as code.

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4
Q

Scalability and Elasticity Benefit

A

Define infrastructure scaling rules in code to automatically adjust resources based on demand. Improves performance and cost efficiency during peak call times.

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5
Q

High Availability and Disaster Recovery

A

IaC facilitates HA and DR strategies by coding redundant servers

High Availability and Disaster Recovery → IaC facilitates HA and DR by coding redundant servers
This is about using IaC to quickly spin up identical infrastructure in another region if your primary goes down.

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6
Q

DevOps Integration Benefit

A

IaC aligns with DevOps by promoting collaboration between dev and ops teams. Manage changes through version control

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7
Q

Cost Optimization Benefit

A

IaC helps optimize costs by dynamically provisioning and deprovisioning resources based on workload requirements. Avoids overprovisioning and minimizes idle resources.

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8
Q

AWS CloudFormation

A

IaC tool that uses JSON or YAML templates to specify AWS resources. Developers create stacks from templates and delete stacks to remove resources when no longer needed.

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9
Q

CloudFormation Advantages

A

Accessible JSON/YAML formats

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10
Q

CloudFormation Limitations

A

CloudFormation uses YAML/JSON templates—you describe what you want, not how to build it. No real programming logic.
Key points for interviews:
∙ Can’t use loops, conditionals, or variables like real code
∙ Limited to intrinsic functions (!Ref, !If, !Sub, etc.)
∙ Complex logic gets messy fast in YAML
∙ No native support for things like iteration over lists
The workaround → AWS CDK:
∙ Write infrastructure in Python, TypeScript, Java, C#, Go
∙ Use actual programming constructs (loops, conditionals, classes)
∙ CDK synthesizes into CloudFormation templates under the hood
∙ Best of both worlds: real code + CloudFormation’s deployment engine

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11
Q

AWS CDK

A

Open-source framework for defining cloud infrastructure as code in common programming languages like Python

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12
Q

AWS CDK Advantages

A

Programming language support

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13
Q

AWS CDK Limitations

A

Dependency on CloudFormation quotas and limits. Code sharing requires packages or libraries for each programming language instead of simple template reuse.

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14
Q

CloudFormation Use Cases

A

CloudFormation is ideal for straightforward, repeatable Connect deployments—not complex logic.

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15
Q

AWS CDK Use Cases

A

Complex deployments with interdependent components

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16
Q

CloudFormation Reusability

A

Use same template to create development

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17
Q

CloudFormation Custom Resources

A

Support for custom resources to extend resource deployment and update capabilities beyond standard AWS resources.

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18
Q

CloudFormation Error Handling

A

CloudFormation Error Handling → Automatically rolls back resources when errors occur. Provides fast [recovery]
This is a key safety feature—if any resource in your stack fails to create/update, CloudFormation undoes everything to keep you in a known good state.

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19
Q

AWS CDK Abstraction

A

Use object-oriented programming to define methods or classes to modularize code. Provides classes for multiple AWS resource types with built-in defaults.

AWS CDK Abstraction → Use OOP to define methods/classes, provides classes for AWS resources with built-in defaults
CDK lets you write real code with reusable components instead of copy-pasting YAML.

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20
Q

AWS CDK S3 Bucket Deletion

A

Set Boolean property to true on S3 bucket resources to remove bucket with full content. CloudFormation alone cannot delete non-empty buckets without error.

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21
Q

AWS CDK Multi-Stack Deployment

A

Create multiple stacks in AWS CDK app and pass values between stacks using input parameters and instance attributes. Handles complex deployments.

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22
Q

When to use CloudFormation for standardization

A

Deploy standardized infrastructure with multiple identical instances for different business units. Provides declarative template management

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23
Q

When to use AWS CDK for serverless

A

When to use AWS CDK for serverless → Implement serverless architecture with Lambda
CDK excels when you’re wiring up Lambda with other AWS services—the complexity would be painful in raw CloudFormation.

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24
Q

CloudFormation Declarative Approach

A

Precise control over resource configurations ideal for managing complex infrastructures. Specify exactly what resources to create without programming logic.

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25
AWS CDK Development Workflow
AWS CDK Development Workflow → Seamlessly integrates with IDEs Because CDK uses real programming languages, you get full IDE support—unlike editing YAML/JSON templates.
26
Nested Stacks
Nested Stacks → Main template deploys other nested stacks. Provides convenient downstream maintenance Nested stacks let you break a large CloudFormation deployment into modular, reusable pieces.
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Nested Stack Advantages
Convenient maintenance
28
Nested Stack Example
Small application with Lambda functions and DynamoDB tables. Group Lambda resources in one template and tables in another. Main template contains AWS::CloudFormation::Stack resource for each stack.
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Multi-Level Nested Stacks
Main template deploys parent templates which contain nested stacks. Organize resources based on functionality. Example: Lambda and DynamoDB nested under parent for specific functionality.
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CloudFormation Parameters
Values you enter when creating new stack. Option to create different stacks using same template. Example: deploy same resources in multiple AWS Regions.
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Instance Alias Parameter
Parameter specified at deployment time. CloudFormation stack displays field to specify alias or unique name for Amazon Connect instance.
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AutoResolveBestVoices
Configuration setting for built-in Amazon Polly integration for text-to-speech. Default value specified in CloudFormation template.
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UseCustomTTSVoices
Configuration setting for Amazon Polly text-to-speech integration. Set in CloudFormation instance creation.
34
ContactflowLogs
Global setting that activates flow log streaming to CloudWatch for observability. Configured in instance creation.
35
ContactLens
Global setting that activates conversational analytics for contact center instance. Configured at instance level.
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!Ref Function
CloudFormation function to reference parameters or resources. Example: reference instance alias parameter previously defined.
37
S3 Bucket for Amazon Connect
Required at instance creation time to store call recordings
38
KMS Key for Data Encryption
Required for secure deployments to encrypt data stored in S3 bucket. Amazon Connect uses key to encrypt events streamed with Kinesis or call recordings in S3.
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!Sub Function
CloudFormation string manipulation function to insert dynamic content within static string. Example: insert AWS account ID when creating resource.
40
IAM Permissions Statement
Statement property in KMS key specifying IAM permissions for AWS KMS service access. Defines who can use the key.
41
Storage Association
Association between call recordings resource type and storage configuration for Amazon Connect instance. S3Config specifies bucket prefix and KMS key for encryption.
42
!GetAtt Function
CloudFormation function to access attribute values of resources defined in template. Used during deployment cycle to get values like KMS key ARN.
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Routing Profile Resource
Resource that configures how contacts are delivered to agents. Specifies queue priority
44
Hours of Operation Resource
Defines operating hours for queues. Example: Monday to Friday 8am to 4pm in America/New_York time zone.
45
Queue Resource
Resource that holds contacts waiting for agents. Maps to hours of operation configuration created in template.
46
Phone Number Claiming
Claims phone number for direct inward dialing (DID) or local US number. Phone number associated with Amazon Connect instance.
47
Application Composer Canvas Mode
Visual mode to drag
48
Application Composer Template Mode
Mode to access and edit template script directly. Validate button confirms template is correct. Error details display at bottom of script.
49
Template Validation
Confirm template is correct by choosing Validate button. Error details display at bottom of script if validation fails.
50
CloudFormation Stack Deployment
After stack deployment completes successfully
51
AWS CDK Project Creation
Requires AWS CDK environment installed in development environment. Run cdk init app command in new folder to create project.
52
cdk --version Command
Confirms AWS CDK version installed. Displays current version and informs if newer versions available. Ensure version is current for new constructs.
53
cdk init app Command
Creates new AWS CDK project from application template. Must run from new empty folder. Specify language with --language parameter.
54
AWS CDK Language Support
Supports JavaScript
55
AWS CDK Project Structure
Contains bin folder (runs to provision resources) and lib folder (contains resource definitions). Structure depends on selected language.
56
Constructs
Basic building blocks of AWS CDK applications. Component representing one or more CloudFormation resources and their configuration. Import and configure constructs to build application.
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CfnParameter Resource
Defines deployment parameters required when deploying AWS CDK application. Effective way to define parameters like instance alias at creation time.
58
aws-cdk-lib Library
Automatically imported when AWS CDK application created. Contains basic AWS CDK constructs and functions.
59
aws-connect Library
Import to use Amazon Connect resources. Reference with connect object. Required for majority of Amazon Connect components.
60
Import Statement
TypeScript syntax to import new constructs. Example: import * as connect from 'aws-cdk-lib/aws-connect'. Used to reference construct further in code.
61
KMS Key Definition
Resource for encrypting data stored in S3 bucket. Amazon Connect uses to encrypt Kinesis events or call recordings in S3.
62
S3 Bucket Definition
Required for Amazon Connect instance to store call recordings
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Storage Configuration Association
Establishes association between call recordings resource type and storage configuration. S3Config specifies bucket prefix and KMS key for encryption.
64
Kinesis Data Streams Definition
AWS CDK stack defines streams for agent and contact records events. Associate streams with Amazon Connect instance for event publishing.
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lambda.Code Construct
Lambda construct for defining Lambda functions. Function code resides in separate lambdas folder created as part of application.
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addEventSource Method
Associates Kinesis event publication with Lambda function activated by that event. Lambda functions run when Kinesis source events published.
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CfnOutput Method
Displays output values when stack deployment completes successfully. Uses CloudFormation functionality. Example: display instance ARN
68
Dynamic References
Use previously defined resources in property values. Example: encryptionKey property uses KMS key resource defined earlier in stack.
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npm install Command
Installs dependencies for AWS CDK application. Run from project directory before building or deploying.
70
npm run build Command
Builds AWS CDK application code. Compiles TypeScript to JavaScript and prepares for deployment.
71
cdk deploy Command
Generates corresponding CloudFormation template for application and deploys it. Performs both generation and deployment in single command.
72
AWS CDK Deployment Process
Four steps: Download and extract sample code
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mkdir and cd Commands
mkdir creates new folder for AWS CDK project
74
lib Folder Files
Contains .ts files with resource definitions. Update these files to include Amazon Connect resources for contact center workload.
75
bin Folder Files
Contains .ts files that run to provision resources in environment. Entry point for AWS CDK application execution.
76
CloudFormation Template Components
Description
Amazon Connect
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