Immunity

Question 1

Define immunity.

Answer 1

gaining greater protection against a disease that was once survived more efficiently than the first time

Question 2

Vaccination prepares the immune system to eradicate an infectious agent (______) it causes disease.
A. before
B. after

Answer 2

A. before

Question 3

A highly susceptible population is (_____) to encounter a susceptible person resulting in a chain of person-to-person transmission.
A. unlikely
B. likely

Answer 3

B. likely

Question 4

Why do we study immunology?

Answer 4

• understand human health and disease
• learn its connection with other body systems
• human diversity
• for the wonder

Question 5

Our ability to fight infections are connected to:

Answer 5

1. sleep
2. stress
3. nutrition
4. mental health

Question 6

How is genetic variation and immunity beneficial?

Answer 6

We are stronger the more diverse our immune genes are

Question 7

List the 4 categories of pathogens (extracellular or intracellular).

Answer 7

1. Bacteria (extracellular/intracellular)
2. Viruses (intracellular)
3. Parasites (extracellular)
4. Fungi (extracellular)

Question 8

What are the 4 identifying structures of bacteria?

Answer 8

1. linear DNA
2. cilia/flagella
3. lipopolysaccharide
4. peptidoglycan

Question 9

What are the 4 identifying structures of viruses?

Answer 9

1. protein capsid
2. DNA or RNA genome
3. envelope
4. spike proteins

Question 10

What are the 2 identifying structures of parasites?

Answer 10

1. phospotelyserine
2. eukaryotes

Question 11

What are the 3 identifying structures of fungi?

Answer 11

1. chitin
2. mycelium
3. eukaryotes

Question 12

Mechanism of pathogenesis in Bacteria.

Answer 12

• toxin/sepsis
• directly kills cells
• disrupts cellular pathways

Question 13

Mechanism of pathogenesis in Viruses.

Answer 13

• invades host cell and hijacks cellular machinery to produce its own proteins

Question 14

Mechanism of pathogenesis in Parasites.

Answer 14

• damage cellular responses
• invade tissues

Question 15

Mechanism of pathogenesis in Fungi.

Answer 15

• competitive metabolsim

Question 16

Innate immunity occurs (___ to __), but is (_____) and (______).
A. minutes to hours; fixed; highly specific;
B. days to weeks; diverse; highly specific
C. minutes to hours; fixed; limited diversity
D. days to weeks; fixed; limited diversity

Answer 16

C. minutes to hours; fixed; limited diversity

Question 17

What is the difference in response to repeat infection for adaptive and innate immunity?

Answer 17

1. Adaptive
   - more rapid
   - amplified
   - more effective
2. innate
   - always identical to first encounter

Question 18

The receptors for innate immunity are:

Answer 18

germ-line (inherited): PRR

Question 19

The receptors for adaptive immunity are:

Answer 19

randomly generated: BCR, TCR

Question 20

The major cells of adaptive immunity are:
A. phagocytic cells
B. T-cells/B-cells

Answer 20

B. T-cells/B-cells