“Industry Begins” (1750-1900)

Question 1

What was a change in energy during Industrialization?

Answer 1

• Change in sources of energy from muscle, wind, and water to fossil fuels

Question 2

What was a change in population size following the Industrial Revolution?

Answer 2

Increase in population

Question 3

What was an agricultural change following the Industrial Revolution?

Answer 3

Agriculture production increases due to tractors, fertilizer, etc.

Question 4

What migrations were an effect of industrialization and what is the definition of it?

Answer 4

Urbanization
- Former farmers move to cities to get jobs in factories

Question 5

What were the effects of Industrialization on social classes?

Answer 5

New class systems such as poor urban workers, “new money” elites, & “middle classes”

Question 6

What were the effects of Industrialization on technology?

Answer 6

New technology in communication & transportation

Question 7

What were the effects of Industrialization on working conditions?

Answer 7

Horrible living and working conditions

Question 8

Which new groups of people were working in factories as a result of the Industrial Revolution & why?

Answer 8

Women and children because they could be paid lower wages than men

Question 9

What were the effects of Industrialization on the environment?

Answer 9

Accelerating environmental degradation

Question 10

What were the effects of Industrialization on production of goods?

Answer 10

Mass productions of goods, a decline of artisian/handmade goods

Question 11

What was created to improve working conditions as a result of the Industrial Revolution?

Answer 11

Labor Unions and trade unions

Question 12

What political ideology developed opposed to industrial capitalism?

Answer 12

Socialism

Question 13

By the 1900s what improvements in living and working conditions developed?

Answer 13

Better wages, labor laws, and universal education

Question 14

What 5 reasons led to Europe industrializing first?

Answer 14

• High population thanks to agricultural revolution
• Scientific Revolutions : Belief that technology could make lives better
• Enlightenment : Private property rights
• Natural resources iron & coal readily available
  -Conpetition: European states compete with each other to be the best

Question 15

Which places did industrialization spread to outside of Europe by 1900?

Answer 15

• Eastern United States
• Western Russia
• Japan

Question 16

What are some major new inventions and technology as a result of the Industrial Revolutions?

Answer 16

• Steam Engine & Internal combustion engines which relied on fossil fuels to drive machinery.
• Electricity & batteries
• Transportation like locomotives, steamships, automobiles, & airplanes
• Communications like telegraph, telephone, & radio
  Agriculture like chemical fertilizers & mechanized tractors
• Warfare like dynamite & machine guns
• Medicine like pharmaceuticals & pencillin

Question 17

What were the economic & social effects of the Industrial Revolution?

Answer 17

• Mass productions of goods
  > Eventually lowered the price of industrial manufactured goods vs hand-crafted “artisian” goods
  > Improved standards of living for many
• Change in social classes
  > Diminished wealth of European nobles
  > Increasing wealth of businessmen
  > Growing “Industrial Working Class” (poor workers”

Question 18

What were the living and Working conditions as a result of the Industrial Revolution?

Answer 18

• Mass urbanization to be near industrial workplaces led to very poor living and working conditions at first

Question 19

In what ways were living and working conditions bad during the Industrial Revolution?

Answer 19

• Factories were dark, dangerous, and dirty
• Housing with little plumbing, electricity, etc

Question 20

What were some social problems created by the Industrial Revolution?

Answer 20

-Huge wealth gap between rich factory owners and poor industrial workers
- Young children working in factories

Question 21

What’s are some examples of a problem created by the Industrial Revolution that aren’t categorized as a social problem?

Answer 21

• Long working hours
• Unsafe working conditions
• Poor living conditions
• Environmental Degradation

Question 22

What’s the definition of a labor union?

Answer 22

Organizations of workers who work in the same industry or for the same business

Question 23

What were the goals of Labor Unions?

Answer 23

To obtain higher pay and better working conditions from factory owners

Question 24

What methods did labor unions use to attempt to obtain higher pay and better working conditions from factory owners?

Answer 24

-Negotiated with owners
- Went on strikes

Question 25

What is socialism?

Answer 25

A system in which the government owns & controls resources and businesses

Question 26

What was the goal of socialism?

Answer 26

Use production and profits to help all of society rather than just wealthy business owners

Question 27

What are the 2 types of socialism?

Answer 27

-Democratic Socialism - Revolutionary Socialism

Question 28

How does Democratic Socialism work?

Answer 28

-Socialist are implemented through democracy & voting

Question 29

How does Revolutionary Socialism work?

Answer 29

AKA communism or Marxism - socialist policies implemented through a violent revolution. According to Schams- the sexy one

Question 30

Socialism was a reaction against what?

Answer 30

The abuses of the Industrial Revolution in which business owners make great profits while their workers are in poverty

Question 31

What were the reforms of the Industrial Revolution?

Answer 31

- Working conditions gradually improved in the 1900s - Cities develop better infrastructure

Question 32

What laws gradually improved working conditions in the early 1900s for industrial workers?

Answer 32

- First laws which guarantee a minimum wage - Laws which establish maximum working hours in a week - Laws against child labor - Laws which mandate education for kids

Question 33

Who wrote “The Communist Mainfesto”?

Answer 33

Karl Marx & Friedrich Engels in 1848

Question 34

What was the British Labour Party?

Answer 34

A political party in Britan that seeked to implement social ideas through democracy and without a revolution

Question 35

Why do no communist revolutions occur in Britain?

Answer 35

- Large “middle” class - Trade/labor union sucess - Reform Bill of 1832 - expanded voting rights for men

Question 36

Why did many Europeans migrate in the 19th century?

Answer 36

- Wanted to own land - Wanted to obtain the perceived “freedom” in the Americas & colonies - Growth of settler colonies in the US, South Africa, Canada, Australia

Question 37

Which regions were NOT industrialized?

Answer 37

- Africa - Latin America - Asia (except Japan)