inferential statistics + Sign test

Question 1

What are the three factors I need to decide which statistical test to use research

Answer 1

Test of difference or correlation.
Experimental design.
Type of data.

Question 2

What are the three types of experimental designs and how are they used?

Answer 2

Independent Groups design-Two separate groups
Repeated measures – same participants taking part in all conditions
Matched pairs – one member of each pair does one condition and the other does another.

Question 3

What is a correlation what does it into achieve? Provide an example in your answer

Answer 3

A relationship between the two covariables.
E.G. Hearts and hands bum are related to each other as one variable changes, the other changes in a predictable manner.

Question 4

In what circumstances would a scientist be used by researcher?

Answer 4

A test of different (directional or non-directional hypothesis).
Repeated measures or matched pairs.
Nominal data.

Question 5

Why might the scientist be considered less powerful than any other statistical test?

Answer 5

Nominal data is the least powerful type of data, which means that the scientist can sometimes be unreliable.

Question 7

How to conduct a sign test

Answer 7

Step one – state the hypothesis
Step two – record data and work out the sine (for example + will be negative if the value has decreased in the second condition, but positive if it has increased.
Step three – find the calculated value for the science test S which is the number Of times the last frequent signs of occur.
Step four – Compare calculated score against a table of critical values. We want 0.05 significant.
Step five – state conclusion, refer back to the hypothesis mention in the IV and the DV and support conclusion with the exact values of the critical S, N and what P value you used.

Question 8

What is a significance level?

Answer 8

The level of proof you’re looking for before you read anything into your results.
They are always very small probabilities

Question 9

What is the type one error?

Answer 9

False positive.
We have wrongly accepted the hypothesis and rejected the no hypothesis.
Essentially, we have said something is statistically significant when it isn’t.

Question 10

What is type two error?

Answer 10

False negative
We have strongly accepted the no hypothesis and rejected the hypothesis.
Essentially, we have said something isn’t statistically significant when it is.

Question 11

What is nominal data?

Answer 11

Categories

Question 12

What is ordinal data?

Answer 12

Order or ranks.

Question 13

What is interval data?

Answer 13

Numerical scales and equal units

Question 14

How do you identify Wilcoxon test?

Answer 14

• test of difference-related
• Repreated pair/ match pairs
• Ordinal data

If T is equal to or less than the critical value-Results is significant.

Question 15

How do you identify Mann Whitney Test?

Answer 15

• Test of differnce- related
• independent groups
• ordinal data

If u is less than or equal to the critical value- result is significant.

Question 16

How do you identify a Related T-Test?

Answer 16

• Test of difference-unrelated
• Repeated measures/ matchced pairs
• Interval data

If T is greater than or equal to critical value- results are significant

Question 17

How do you identify Unrelated t-Test?

Answer 17

• Test of difference-related
• independent groups
• interval data

If T is greater than or equal to critical value- results are significant

Question 18

How do you identify Chi squared Test?(x2)

Answer 18

• Test of association/correlation or unrelated
• noical data-frequencies for different categories
• if value of x^2 greater thsn or equal to critical value- result is significant.

Question 19

How do you identify Superman’s Rho? (rs)

Answer 19

• Test of association
• Ordinal data
• If superman’s rho is greater than the critical value the result is significant.

Question 20

How do you identify Pearsons r (r)

Answer 20

• Test of difference- Association
• ordinal data

If superman rho is greater than critical value-results are significant.

Question 21

How do you identify the sign test?

Answer 21

• Test of difference-related
• Nominal data
• Repeated measures/Matched pairs.

Question 22

What is the acronym used to remember The statisitcal test table?

Answer 22

Carrots Should Come Mashed With Swede Under Roast Potatoes