What are the 3 layers of defence
- Barrier
- Inflammation
- Specific/ Adaptive Immunity
Example of a Barrier layer or defence
Skin, Nose, Eyes, Stomach acid, Mucosal Membrane, Hair
LAYER & DEFENCE
- Inflammation
- Non-specific
- Always the same response
LAYER & DEFENCE
Specific/Adaptive immunity
Response that develops overtime to a specific pathogen or foreign substance (Antibodies)
What are some causes of Inflammation
Trauma, Pathogens, Metabolic, Chemical, Radiation, Toxins
What are the 2 phases of Inflammation phases
- Vascular phase
- Cellular phase
VASCULAR PHASE
5 cardinal signs of inflammation
- Redness (Rubor)
- Loss of function
- Warmth (calor)
- Pain (dolar)
- Edema (Swelling)
When the Vascular phase happen?
During injury
When does the Cellular phase happen, and what does it do?
- During or after the vascular phase
- Prepares the body for recovery
Neutrophils
- A type of immune cell that is first to travel to the site of an infection
- Ingest micoorangisms and release enzymes that kill micoorangisms
Macrophage
- Arrive second to the site of injury
- Type of white blood cell
- Sort through area, killing cells and attaching foreign objects to their surface
- Sends signals when there’s a problem, such as a cut
Phagophytosis
The ingestion of bacteria or other material in the body
T cells/ B cells
- Remember information around the disease, create antibodies, make second time getting disease easier
B cells - Antibodies
T cells - Kill disease or call for extra help
What are Inflammatory Exudate
Fluids produced from a consequence of an injury
What are the 4 Inflammatory exudate
- Serous
- Fibrinous
- Sanguinous
- Purulent
INFLAMMATORY EXUDATE
Serous
- Watery fluid with a little protein/ a few cells
ex. Snot coming out of nose
INFLAMMATORY EXUDATE
Fibrinous
- Presence of fibrin, WBCs (thick sticky)
ex. Scar/ Scab
INFLAMMATORY EXUDATE
Sanguinous
- Contains blood
ex. Bleeding due to tissue damage
INFLAMMATORY EXUDATE
Purulent
- PMN, proteins, cell debris, pathogens
ex. mucous in a pimp when you pop it
Resolution
- Cells repair themselves
- Function regularly
Regeneration
- Production go new cells to replace old cells
Replacement
- Collagen is produced by a cell called a fibroblast - (scar tissue) fills in space
Chronic Information
- Inflammation that doesn’t go away by itself
- Less vascular phase, more cellular phase
Systemic
- Inflammation is everywhere in the body
- Can’t meet metabolic needs of tissue therefore tissue/ organs stop
