Integument

Question 1

Integument meaning

Answer 1

the outer covering of the body

Question 2

what’s the role of the skin

Answer 2

physical, biological and chemical barrier , to keep pathogens/ harmful substances out of

Question 3

what are the 3 main layers of the skin

Answer 3

epidermis , dermis and hypodermis/ subcutis

Question 4

what are the layers of the epidermis

Answer 4

stratum corneum , stratum lucidum , stratum granulosum , stratum spinosum , stratum basale

Question 6

which is the most superficial layer of the epidermis

Answer 6

stratum corneum

Question 7

which is the deepest layer of the epidermis (closest to the dermis)

Answer 7

stratum basale

Question 8

what are the main 4 roles of the skin

Answer 8

sensory, secretion , thermoregulation, production (VitD)

Question 9

sensory role of skin

Answer 9

nerve endings detect temperature, pressure and touch

Question 10

secretion role of the skin

Answer 10

glands secrete sebum , sweat, pheromones and milk

Question 11

what 2 secretion glands are there

Answer 11

merocrine glands located on the paw pads, apocrine glands located in dermis on skin

Question 12

role of thermoregulation on skin

Answer 12

prevention of heat loss via fat stores, piloerection and vasoconstriction, heat loss via sweating and vasoconstriction

Question 13

role of production of VitD on skin

Answer 13

UVB rays in skin interact when exposed to sunlight into active VitD , essential for calcium absorption and calcium:phosphate ratio for bone mineralisation

Question 14

anal sacs + glands

Answer 14

left and right side of anus, attach to anus via anal ducts all located between internal and external sphincters.

Question 15

what do anal glads secrete

Answer 15

a strong smelling oily secretion normally passed when passing feaces

Question 16

what happens in the epidermis

Answer 16

stratified squamous that undergo keratinisation over a period of time, from basale to corneum were the cells are fully dead and sacs of keratin

Question 17

merkel cells

Answer 17

found clustered near mechanoreceptors (sensory nerve endings) main function is sensory detection , found in stratum basale and particularly in foot pads

Question 18

langerhans cells

Answer 18

in stratum spinosum, immune surveillance and decode on the immune response when a foreign antigen is detected, if an immune response is required T-cells/T-lymphocytes are activated

Question 19

what is the dermis

Answer 19

middle layer made up of dense connective tissues with irregular collagen and elastic fibres as well as ; blood vessels, nerves, hair follicles, sensory nerve endings and sebaceous/ sweat glands

Question 20

elastic fibres

Answer 20

give strength and flexibility

Question 21

collagen

Answer 21

gives support and strength

Question 22

what happens to elastic fibres and collagen as an animal ages

Answer 22

collagen synthesis declines and elastic fibres degrade, skin becomes thinner and loses protective capabilities and shape

Question 23

hypodermis / subcutis

Answer 23

layer of loose connective tissue and fat , contains elastic fibres , used for subcutaneous injections

Question 24

subcutaneous injections

Answer 24

35-40 degree angle , given were there is loose skin (back/scruff, shoulder/ thoracic region and over flank) , avoid neck due to important structures