Integumentary System

Question 1

Integumentary system consists of..

Answer 1

• skin
• glands
• hair
• nails
• nerves

Question 2

2 layers of the skin

Answer 2

• Epidermis

- Dermis

Question 3

Epidermis is.. and its major tissue and sub tissue

Answer 3

• Epithelial tissue derived from the ectoderm

- stratified squamous epithelium

Question 4

Epidermis is avascular or vascular

Answer 4

avascular

Question 5

Epidermis separated in to..

Answer 5

5 strata based on cell types

Question 6

5 strata of epidermis

Answer 6

• stratum basale
• stratum spinosum
• stratum granulosum
• stratum lucidum
• stratum corneum

Question 7

Stratum basale

Answer 7

• single row of cells.
• The basal layer (bottommost, deepest layer, furthest from the outside)
• where you sunburn/produce melanin

Question 8

2 cell types of basale

Answer 8

• kerantinocytes (90%)

- melanocytes (8%)

Question 9

Kerantinocytes

Answer 9

undergo mitosis**, make keratin, migrate to surface as new cells produced in basale

Question 10

Melanocytes

Answer 10

produce pigment for UV light protection,

cells produce different amounts/shades of melanin (skin color)

Question 11

Stratum spinosum

Answer 11

(look spiney) limited cell division occurring

• Several cell layers thick
• many keratinocytes layered atop of one with melanin granules scattered throughout

Question 12

Stratum granulosum

Answer 12

• contain dark granule
• 3 to 5 cell layers thick
• all cells above this layer (closer to the surface of the body) are too far above the blood supply to maintain life

Question 13

Stratum lucidum

Answer 13

• flat dead cells
• visible in only thick* skin
• 2 to 3 layers
• appears as a clear band of cells with indistinct boundaries under the microscope

Question 14

Stratum corneum

Answer 14

• 30 layers of flat dead cells filled w/ keratin surrounded by waterproofing glycolipid.
• shed and replaced by cells from mitosis below
• outer most layer
• function in protection* and moisture

Question 15

Dermis consists of what cells and how large is it

Answer 15

fibroblasts (make matrix), fibrocytes (protect matrix) and matrix
VERY large compared to epidermis

Question 16

2 sublayers of dermis

Answer 16

• Papillary

- Reticular

Question 17

Papillary layer

Answer 17

directly under epidermis
loose areolar CT,
vascular
has projection into epidermis (dermal papillae)

Question 18

Reticular layer

Answer 18

deepest layer away from skin surface
most of dermis (80%)
dense irregular CT (can be stretched)
(stretching can cause striae which is stretch marks)

Question 19

Hypodermis

Answer 19

• NOT part of the dermis
• subcutaneous layer
• superficial fascia binds the skin to muscle
• adipose CT tissue below skin (50% of adipose is here)

Question 20

Melanin is found within the…

Answer 20

stratum basale and the stratum spinosum of the epidermis

Question 21

Thin and thick skin refers to..

Answer 21

epidermis

Question 22

Thin skin

Answer 22

• lucidum not apparent
• has hair follicles, sebaceous glands, arrector pili muscles
• everywhere but hands and feet

Question 23

Thick skin

Answer 23

• (palm of hand and sole of foot)
• lucidum visible,
• no hair follicles, sebaceous glands, or arrector pili muscles
• no oil production but can sweat

Question 24

Epidermal derivates

Answer 24

• hair
• nails
• exocrine glands

Question 25

Parts of hair

Answer 25

- root - shaft - hair follicle

Question 26

Hair root

Answer 26

- found below the skin surface - Keratinization is still ongoing - Found deep within the follicle

Question 27

Hair shaft

Answer 27

- projects above the skin surface | - Keratinization is complete here

Question 28

Hair follicle

Answer 28

-down from the epidermal surface into the dermis

Question 29

Expanded region at deepest point of hair follicle is called.. and contains..

Answer 29

the hair bulb | Contains a knot of capillaries that supplies nutrients to the growing hair and signals it to grow

Question 30

The hair matrix is the actively dividing the area of the hair bulb and produces

Answer 30

the hair

Question 31

Associated with each hair follicle is..

Answer 31

- root hair plexus (nerve ending) - sebaceous (oil) gland - arrector pili muscle

Question 32

How sweat evaporates from the skin to cool off

Answer 32

- then heat from the body is used to break hydrogen bonds between water molecules in sweat - This heat is no longer available to warm the body - Water molecules evaporate when hydrogen bonds no longer hold them on the skin surface

Question 33

What part of nail is responsible for growth

Answer 33

nail matrix

Question 34

Nails are made of

Answer 34

heavily keratinized epidermal cells found within the stratum corneum

Question 35

Nails consist of..

Answer 35

- proximal root - nail body - free edge

Question 36

4 types of skin exocrine glands

Answer 36

- sebaceous glands - sudoriferous glands - ceruminous glands - mammary glands

Question 37

Sebaceous glands

Answer 37

connected mainly to hair follicles, secretes sebum

Question 38

Sebum

Answer 38

oil (mix of fats, salt, proteins) softens, lubricates hair and skin prevents drying out (water loss) antibiotic properties

Question 39

Sudoriferous glands produce ..

Answer 39

sweat

Question 40

Sudoriferous glands act to..

Answer 40

- cool body down - antibiotic function (lysozyme break down bacteria) - removes waste (urea)

Question 41

Ceruminous glands

Answer 41

modified sweat glands in ear canal | produce ear wax

Question 42

Mammary glands

Answer 42

modified sweat glands, produce milk

Question 43

Cutaneous sense receptors

Answer 43

nerve endings form from the end of sensory neurons

Question 44

Cutaneous sense receptors

Answer 44

found in the skin | Respond to stimuli such as touch

Question 45

4 varieties of cutaneous sense receptors

Answer 45

- touch receptors - pressure receptors - thermoreceptors - nocireceptors

Question 46

Touch receptors

Answer 46

free nerve endings in epidermis root hair plexuses which wraps around hair follicle (not encapsulated) messiness corpuscles in dermal papillae

Question 47

Pressure receptors

Answer 47

free nerve endings | pacinian corpuscles deep in dermis of hypodermis

Question 48

Themoreceptors

Answer 48

free nerve endings for temperature | more nerve endings for cold

Question 49

Nociceptors

Answer 49

``` free nerve endings for pain function for protection (makes you aware) ```

Question 50

Dermal ridges in the papillary layer form..

Answer 50

finger prints

Question 51

Melanin found in 2 forms that

Answer 51

that range in color from yellow to tan to reddish brown to black

Question 52

Albinos are..

Answer 52

unable to produce melanin

Question 53

Pink tinge

Answer 53

seen in fair skinned people, comes from hemoglobin found within the vascular dermal layer of the skin