Biol 1410 > Urinary System > Flashcards

Urinary System Flashcards

(53 cards)

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1
Q

Structures in urinary system

A
  • kidneys (2)
  • ureters (2)
  • urinary bladder
  • urethra
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2
Q

Functions of urinary system

A

regulates blood volume and pressure, pH, ion concentrations and eliminates wastes

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3
Q

Position of kidneys

A

retroperitoneal and right kidney lower than left

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4
Q

Kidney is protected by the..

A

renal capsule which is adipose tissue and renal fascia

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5
Q

Renal hilus

A

medial indentation, entry point of renal artery, renal vein, ureter and nerves

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6
Q

Renal artery is

A

superior

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7
Q

Renal vein is

A

inferior

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8
Q

Internal anatomy of kidneys contain

A
  • renal cortex (superficial)

- renal medulla

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9
Q

Renal medulla contains

A

-renal pyramids (6 per kidney)

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10
Q

Renal pyramids narrow end is called..

A

apex of pyramid or renal papilla

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11
Q

Renal columns

A

separate pyramids, contain blood vessels

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12
Q

Nephron

A

functional unit of kidney (microscopic)

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13
Q

Nephron composed of

A

renal corpuscle and renal tubules

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14
Q

Renal corpuscle

A

in cortex, site of blood filtration and first step in urine formation

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15
Q

Parts of the renal corpuscle

A
  • glomerulus
  • Bowman’s capsule
  • filteration membrane
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16
Q

Glomerulus

A

= capillary bed

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17
Q

Bowman’s capsule

A

surrounds glomerulus, collects filtration from glomerulus

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18
Q

2 layers of Bowman’s capsule

A
  • outer =simple squamous epithelium

- inner =podocytes wrapped around glomerular capillaries

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19
Q

Filteration membrane consists of

A
  • glomerular endothelium
  • basement membranes
  • podocytes
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20
Q

Glomerular endothelium (capillaries)

A

simple squamous with pores

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21
Q

Podocytes

A

(of Bowman’s capsule) simple epithelium, projections blind to glomerulus

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22
Q

3 parts of the renal tubules

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A
  • proximal convoluted tubule
  • loop of henle
  • distal convoluted tubule
23
Q

Proximal convoluted tubule

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A

(PCT) in cortex

24
Q

Loop of henle

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A

descending and ascending limbs, in medulla

25
Distal convoluted tubule
(DCT) in cortex
26
2 types of nephrons
- cortical (85%) | - juxtamedullary (15%)
27
Cortical nephrons
renal corpuscles near kidney surface in cortex, short loop of henle in outer medulla, composed of peri tubular capillaries
28
Juxtamedullary nephrons
renal corpuscules in cortex very close to medulla
29
Juxtamedullary have long..
loops which penetrate deep into medulla which also allows concentration of urine depending on need, contain peri tubular capillaries and vasa recta
30
Juxtaglomerular specifically allow for the ..
concentration and dilution of urine
31
Parts of the juxtaglomerular complex
- tubular portion | - arteriolar portion
32
Tubular portion of juxtaglomerular complex
modified (tall and narrow) ascending limb cells (macular densa)
33
Arteriolar portion of juxtaglomerular complex
afferent and efferent artiolar portion (granular)
34
Arteriolar portion's function of juxtaglomerular complex
monitor blood pressure and contain renin
35
Ureters histology
- mucosa - muscularis externa - adventitia/serosa
36
Mucosa in ureters
transitional epithelium
37
Muscularis externa in ureters
smooth muscle with 3 layers
38
Ureters are..
retroperitoneal
39
Urinary bladder histology
- mucosa - muscularis externa - adventitia/serosa
40
Mucosa of urinary bladder
transitional epithelium with rugae
41
Muscularis externa of urinary bladder
=detrusor muscle
42
Adventitia/serosa of urinary bladder
- adventitia =anterior, posterior, inferior | - serosa= superior
43
Internal structure in the urinary bladder
triangle of 2 ureters and urethra openings = trigone
44
Internally in the urinary bladder lacks
rugae, allows opening to remain in fixed position
45
Urethra histology
- mucosa | - muscularis externa
46
Mucosa of the urethra
transitional to stratified squamous epithelium
47
Muscularis externs of urethra
smooth muscle
48
2 sphincters of the urethra
- internal urethra sphincter | - external urethra sphincter
49
The 2 sphincters of the urethra both..
surround proximal end of urethra
50
Internal sphincter of urethra
thickening of detrusor muscle at base of bladder (smooth muscle)
51
External sphincter of urethra
in urogenital diaphragm (skeletal muscle)
52
Function of urethra in females
transports urine
53
Function of urethra in males
transports urine and semen
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