Interferences - Based on Practical Notes

Question 1

Which three interferences are most commonly encountered in clinical chemistry?
A) Hemolysis, lipemia, icterus
B) Proteinuria, glycosuria, hematuria
C) Hypercalcemia, hypokalemia, hypernatremia
D) Leukocytosis, thrombocytopenia, anemia

Answer 1

A) Hemolysis, lipemia, icterus

Question 2

What does the abbreviation HIL stand for in laboratory medicine?
A) Hemoglobin, insulin, lipase
B) Hemolysis, icterus, lipemia
C) Hyperglycemia, iron, lactate
D) Hematocrit, immunoglobulin, leukocyte

Answer 2

B) Hemolysis, icterus, lipemia

Question 3

Why is it important to detect HIL interference in laboratory samples?
A) To improve laboratory efficiency and reduce erroneous results
B) To increase sample volume
C) To speed up analysis
D) To reduce reagent cost

Answer 3

A) To improve laboratory efficiency and reduce erroneous results

Question 4

What is a serious clinical consequence of HIL interference?
A) Delayed or incorrect diagnosis
B) Increased sample temperature
C) Lower reagent cost
D) Faster turnaround time

Answer 4

A) Delayed or incorrect diagnosis

Question 5

What is the HIL alert index?
A) The minimum concentration at which HIL causes >10% bias in results
B) The maximum allowable sample volume
C) The number of samples processed per hour
D) The cost of reagents

Answer 5

A) The minimum concentration at which HIL causes >10% bias in results

Question 6

Lipemia is caused by the accumulation of which lipoproteins?
A) Chylomicrons and VLDL
B) LDL and HDL
C) Albumin and globulin
D) Hemoglobin and myoglobin

Answer 6

A) Chylomicrons and VLDL

Question 7

Which lipoprotein produces the most turbidity in a sample?
A) Chylomicrons
B) Small VLDL
C) LDL
D) HDL

Answer 7

A) Chylomicrons

Question 8

Lipemia is visually detected by what color change?
A) Pinkish-red
B) Cloudy-yellow
C) Green
D) Blue

Answer 8

B) Cloudy-yellow

Question 9

At what absorbance wavelength is lipemia detected photometrically?
A) 480-505 nm
B) 570-600 nm
C) 660-700 nm
D) 400-420 nm

Answer 9

C) 660-700 nm

Question 10

Which lipoproteins do NOT cause turbidity in a sample?
A) Chylomicrons
B) Large VLDL
C) LDL and HDL
D) Medium VLDL

Answer 10

C) LDL and HDL

Question 11

Haemolysis is the lysis of which cells?
A) White blood cells
B) Platelets
C) Red blood cells
D) Endothelial cells

Answer 11

C) Red blood cells

Question 12

What is released into plasma during haemolysis?
A) Albumin
B) Hemoglobin and intracellular components
C) Cholesterol
D) Bilirubin

Answer 12

B) Hemoglobin and intracellular components

Question 13

Haemolysis is visually detected by what color change?
A) Cloudy-yellow
B) Pinkish-reddish
C) Green
D) Blue

Answer 13

B) Pinkish-reddish

Question 14

At what absorbance wavelength is haemolysis detected photometrically?
A) 480-505 nm
B) 570-600 nm
C) 660-700 nm
D) 400-420 nm

Answer 14

B) 570-600 nm

Question 15

Icterus is defined by an elevation of which substance?
A) Hemoglobin
B) Bilirubin
C) Cholesterol
D) Albumin

Answer 15

B) Bilirubin

Question 16

Icterus is visually detected by what color change?
A) Pinkish-red
B) Cloudy-yellow
C) Yellow-green
D) Blue

Answer 16

C) Yellow-green

Question 17

At what absorbance wavelength is icterus detected photometrically?
A) 480-505 nm
B) 570-600 nm
C) 660-700 nm
D) 400-420 nm

Answer 17

A) 480-505 nm

Question 18

Which interference is most likely to occur with shorter fasting times?
A) Haemolysis
B) Lipemia
C) Icterus
D) Proteinuria

Answer 18

B) Lipemia

Question 19

What is a common effect of HIL interference on laboratory workflow?
A) Poor test turnaround times and increased expenses
B) Faster analysis
C) Lower reagent cost
D) Increased sample temperature

Answer 19

A) Poor test turnaround times and increased expenses

Question 20

Which interference is associated with the release of hemoglobin into plasma?
A) Lipemia
B) Haemolysis
C) Icterus
D) Proteinuria

Answer 20

B) Haemolysis