Intro Kidneys

Question 1

4 main functions of kidney

Answer 1

1. prevent buildup of waste and foreign substances
2. reg level of body fluids and electrolytes
3. elaborate endocrine hormones
4. syn glucose

Question 2

examples of hormones

Answer 2

1. renin for BP
2. erythropoietin for RBCs
3. vitamin D/calcitriol for reg Ca and P

Question 3

when does kidney synthesize glucose

Answer 3

during prolonged fasting

Question 4

extracellular fluid ions

Answer 4

Na+ cation
Cl- and HCO3- anions

Question 5

intracellular ions

Answer 5

K+ cation
neg q proteins anion

Question 6

sequence of filtrate flow

Answer 6

1. glomerulus
2. bowman’s capsule
3. proximal tubule
4. loop of henle
5. distal tubule
6. collecting duct

Question 7

cortical nephron features

Answer 7

-glomeruli @ outer cortex
-short loop of henle
-peritubular capillaries

Question 8

juxtamedullary nephrons features

Answer 8

-glomeruli @ deep cortex
-long loops of henle
-vasa recta blood supply

Question 9

layers of glomerular filtration barrier

Answer 9

1. endothelium with fenestrations for small solutes
2. basement membrane neg q for charged proteins
3. podocytes with filtration slits for size

Question 10

if disease inc permeability

Answer 10

then inc large proteins filtering through so proteinuria
ex. nephrotic syndrome