VIII- Emotion

Question 1

parts of emotion

Answer 1

physiologic state + cognitive sensation (feelings)
-feeling conscious awareness by cortex
-physiologic state = skeletal muscular activity + visceral (autonomic + endocrine)

Question 2

how hypothalamus mediates emotion

Answer 2

raw/reflexive emotion expression thru ANS for internal needs
-symps and parasymps
-pleasure, rage, aversion

Question 3

how amygdala processes emotions

Answer 3

external reality/experiences NOT just internal needs

Question 4

understanding emotion in others

Answer 4

mirror neurons!! @ premotor cortex
via activating our own neural representation of observed actions/emotion
-mirror neurons > insula > limbic system

Question 5

reward system in brain

Answer 5

nucleus accumbens (reward center) signaled by dopamine for positive feedback in limbic loop of thalamus
-dopamine from ventral tegmental area

Question 6

addiction

Answer 6

disrupt frontal cortical behavioral control mechanisms + inc limbic negative affect/craving/anxiety
-hypofrontality

Question 7

functions of limbic system

Answer 7

1. emotional/affective responses
2. critical for certain learning/memory
3. homeostasis

so if dysfunctional get psych disorders and dementia

Question 8

components of limbic system

Answer 8

1. limbic cortex (insula, anterior cingulate cortex, medial prefrontal cortex)
2. hippocampus
3. amygdala
4. nucleus accumbens
5. hypothalamus

Question 9

primary output of limbic system

Answer 9

hypothalamus!!!

Question 10

where amygdala located

Answer 10

anterior medial portion of temporal lobe
-multiple subunits with different inputs

Question 11

functions of amygdala

Answer 11

1. fear response/conditioning
2. facial expression perception
3. homeostasis
4. sensory perception
5. motivation

Question 12

fear conditioning process

Answer 12

aversive unconditioned stimulus paired to neutral conditioned stim to evoke fear response
-amygdala activated by auditory thalamus/ cortex + somatosensory thalamus/cortex

Question 13

types of fear

Answer 13

1. conditioned- conditioned + undconditioned
2. instructed - unconditioned threat verbalized
3. observational - someone else going thru fear conditioning

Question 14

brain centers in fear response

Answer 14

1. hippocampus adds contextual regulation to amygdala
2. medial prefrontal cortex regs degree that amygdala expresses fear response

Question 15

autism hypothesis

Answer 15

dysfunctional mirror neurons/mirroring deficits
-bc social, affective form of imitation and missing emotional connections,