VI-Thyroid

Question 1

functions of thyroid follicle

Answer 1

1. collect and transport iodine/iodide
2. syn thyroglobulin
3. syn and release thyroid hormone into blood

Question 2

iodide trapping

Answer 2

trapped/transported into follicle thru NIS (Na/I symporter) powered by ATPase bc going against gradient

Question 3

PDS transporter

Answer 3

transports iodide and thyroglobulin into colloid
-for oxidation to iodine

Question 4

TPO function

Answer 4

iodination of iodine to tyrosine residues
-form MIT and DIT
-requires hydrogen peroxide from dual oxidases

Question 5

thyroid hormone effects

Answer 5

1. growth, development, body temp, energy metabolism
2. chronotropic, inotropic on heart, enhance resp to catecholamines
3. stim lipolysis
4. inc protein breakdown
5. inc rate of carb absorption
6. stim oxygen consumption by metabolically active tissues

Question 6

presentation types of thyroid disorders

Answer 6

1. hypothyroidism/myxedema- def of thyroid hormone
2. hyperthyroidism/thyrotoxicosis - xs thyroid hormone
3. goiter- enlarge thyroid gland
4. thyroid nodule - focal/asym enlargement of gland from benign or malignant neoplasm, hyperthyroidism
5. abnormal function test- clinically asymp aka euthyroid sick syndome

Question 7

primary hypothyroidism

Answer 7

low T3/4 so no neg feedback
inc TRH and TSH

Question 8

secondary hypothyroid

Answer 8

from impaired pituitary so low TSH -low T3/4
-no reg of TRH so high

Question 9

tertiary hypothyroid

Answer 9

impaired hypothalamic function
all three TRH, TSH, T3/4 low

Question 10

primary hyperthyroid

Answer 10

high T3/4 so low TRH and TSH from feedback

Question 11

secondary hyperthyroid

Answer 11

dysfunction of pituitary
high TSH so high T3/4
-low TRH from feedback

Question 12

tertiary hyperthyroid

Answer 12

hypothalamus disfunction
all three high TRH > TSH > T3/4

Question 13

hypothryoid presentation

Answer 13

1. bradycardia
2. cold intolerance
3. hypoventilation
4. depression
5. fatigue
6. constipation
7. puffy baggy eyes
8. dry scaly skin
9. dec CO
10. inc body weight
11. atherosclerosis

Question 14

hyperthyroid presentation

Answer 14

1. tachycardia
2. sweating
3. tremors
4. rapid growth early
5. heat intolerance
6. high RR
7. diff sleeping
8. diarrhea
9. dec body weight
10. inc appetite
11. upper eyelid retraction, lid lag downward gaze, staring appearance