Introduction

Question 1

Definition: Articulatory Phonetics

Answer 1

• Production of sounds
• Speech organs

Question 2

Acoustic Phonetics

Answer 2

• Transmission of sounds
• Physical qualities: e.g. volume, duration, frequency

Question 3

Auditive Phonetics

Answer 3

• Perception of sounds; Intake trough the ear
• Processing in the brain

Question 4

(Reminder card) Phonetics…

Answer 4

…”is concerned with sounds […] as such, particularly with the substance of those sounds used in human communication, no matter in which language.” (Kortmann 2005: 57)
* Study of articulatory, auditory, and acoustic properties of sounds

Question 5

(Reminder card) Phonology…

Answer 5

…is “interested in the function of sounds belonging to a given sound system”. (Kortmann 2005: 57)
* Study of the distribution of function of speech sounds in particular linguistic systems

Question 6

Phoneme (Definition, Notation)

Answer 6

• ‘smallest meaning-distinguishing units of a language’ (Kortmann 2005: 69)
• How do I know if it distinguishes meaning? -> Minimal pair test (E.g., bit – pit; dog - dock)
• Notation: slashes //; e.g., /pɪt/ * Pronunciation: the sound itself (e.g. /p/)

Question 7

Allophone (Definition, Notation)

Answer 7

• Different realizations of the same phoneme
• Notation: angled brackets [ ]; e.g. [ɫ]

Question 8

Grapheme (Definition, Notation)

Answer 8

• Smallest functional unit of a writing system (Coulmas 1999:174)
• Notation: angled brackets <>; e.g., <pit></pit>
• Pronunciation: as the letters of the alphabet (e.g. /pi:/)

Question 9

Segmental features

Answer 9

• Individual phonemes
• E.g. vowels, consonants

Question 10

Suprasegmental features

Answer 10

• Beyond individual phonemes;
• Can even extend syllable or word boundaries
• E.g. intonation, stress