Joints

Question 1

What is a joint?

Answer 1

A point of contact between:
* 2+ bones
* cartilage and bone
* teeth and bone

Question 2

What are joints covered by?

Answer 2

Connective tissue or fluid capulse

Question 3

How do we classify joints?

Answer 3

• structure (cavity / connective tissue)
• function (degree of movement possible)

Question 4

What are the 3 structures of joints?

Answer 4

1. Fibrous
2. Cartilaginous
3. Synovial

Question 5

What is the structure of a fibrous joint?

Answer 5

• No synovial cavity
• Bones held together via dense fibrous connective tissue
• Little to no movement

Question 6

What is the structure of a cartilaginous joint?

Answer 6

• No synovial cavity
• Bones held via cartilage connective tissue
• Little to no movement

Question 7

What is the structure of a synovial joint?

Answer 7

• synovial cavity, containing synovial fluid
• Covered by articular cartilage, connected by ligaments
• nerve and blood supply
• surrounded by articular capsule
• large range of movement

Question 8

What are the 3 functions of joints?

functions: range of movement

Answer 8

1. Synarthrosis
2. Amphiarthrosis
3. Diarthorosis

Question 9

What does Synarthrosis mean?

Answer 9

Immoveable

Question 10

What does Amphiarthrosis mean?

Answer 10

Slightly moveable

Question 11

What does diarthorosis mean?

Answer 11

Fully moveable

Question 12

What causes movement at synovial joints?

Answer 12

Skeletal muscle contraction
Controlled by nerves

Question 13

What sort of movements occur at synovial joints?

Answer 13

• gliding (in hand)
• angular (e.g. flexion, abduction)
• rotation (neck and shoulders)

also joint specific ones

Question 14

What are the 6 types of synovial joints?

Answer 14

1. Plane
2. Hinge
3. Pivot
4. Ellipsoidal
5. Saddle
6. Ball-and-socket

Question 15

What is the structure of (shape) of a plane synovial joint?

Answer 15

Flat or slightly curved

Question 16

What is the structure of (shape) of a hinge synovial joint?

Answer 16

Concave surface going into a convex one

Question 17

What is the structure of (shape) of a pivot synovial joint?

Answer 17

Ronded, pointed surfface fitting into ring that is made of bone and ligament

Question 18

What is the structure of (shape) of a condyloid synovial joint?

Answer 18

Oval projection into oval depression

Question 19

What is the structure of (shape) of a saddle synovial joint?

Answer 19

One bone ‘sits’ in another

Question 20

How many axis of movement does the plane synovial joint have?

Answer 20

Biaxial and triaxial

Question 21

How many axis of movement does the hinge synovial joint have?

Answer 21

Uniaxial - flexion-extension

Question 22

How many axis of movement does the pivot synovial joint have?

Answer 22

Uniaxial: rotation

Question 23

How many axis of movement does the condyloid synovial joint have?

Answer 23

Biaxial: flexion-extension and abduction-adduction

Question 24

How many axis of movement does the saddle synovial joint have?

Answer 24

Biaxial: flexion-extension and abduction-adduction

Question 25

How many axis of movement does the ball and socket synovial joint have?

Answer 25

Triaxial: flexion -extension, adduction-abduction, rotation