GnRH gonadotropin releasing hormone agonist / suppressor
⬆️luteinizing hormone / follicle stimulating hormone
⬇️ suppress fsh / lh secretion
Follitropin
Activates fsh receptors
Treat to induce sperm/ ovum development
Oxytoxin
Promote labour by contracting uterus
Gonadal hormones & inhibitor
Estrogen
Progesterone
Relaxin
Estrogen & progesterone inhibitor
Androgen (testosterone)
Androgen suppression
Estrogen
Female sex hormone
Develop sexual character
Menopause
Stop of menstrual cycle
Significant drop in Estrogen level
Short term: hot flush, sleeplessness
Long term: osteoporosis, cardiovascular disease
Treatment: hormone replacement therapy HRT
Estrogen vs osteoporosis
Estrogen prevent parathyroid hormone resorb bones
Menopause decrease level of Estrogen
Hormone replacement therapy provide supplements Estrogen
Less bone resorption -) less osteoporosis
Risk of HRT
Uterus bleeding -) endometrium cancer
Breast cancer
Estrogen & progesterone inhibitor
Prevent breast cancer
Mifepristone-) 事後
Hypothyroidism treatment
Liothyronine T3 / levothyroxine T4
-) activate nuclear receptor
-) metabolism⬆️
Hyperthyroidism treatment
Beta blocker
⬇️metabolic rate
Radioactive iodine
Destruct thyroid cell
Adrenocorticosteroids & adrenocortical antagonist
Sufficient: assison’s disease-) weight loss, hypotension
Hyper: Cushing syndrome-) moon face, hypertension, gain weight
Hormone affect urine
Aldosterone: sodium retention
Hypotension: maintain fluid and bp
Type 1 dm vs type 2 dm
Type 1: autoimmune destructed beta cell, required insulin injection to suppress
Type 2: insulin resistant, treat with
1. Stimulate insulin release by binding to sulfonylurea receptor.
2. Reduce glucose level by action of liver, muscle or adipose emissive( metformin)
- Drug that affect absorption of glucose
- Drug that act incretic effect
- Sodium-glucose transport inhibitor
Inhibit glucose reabsorption
Bone mineral homeostasis issues
Hyperphosphatemia
Treat by 1. Restrict of phosphate intake ( diet )
Calcium supplement
Hypophosphatemia
Hypercalcemia
1. Calcitonin
2. Phosphate
Hypocalcemia
1. Calcium intake
2. Vitamin D intake
Osteoporosis
1. Vitamin D
2. Biphosphonates ( suppress osteoclast ) ⬇️bone resorption ⬆️bone formation
3.minerals
