L5

Question 1

DNA Replication steps

Answer 1

1. Unwind the double helix
2. Free neucleptode
3. Joined by DNA polymerase

Question 2

Mutation of DNA

Answer 2

Substitution 換

Deletion 冇咗

Insertion 多咗

Inversion 倒轉

Question 3

Structural change of chromosome

Answer 3

Deletion
Duplication
Inversion
Insertion
Translocation

Question 4

Type of mutation of protein

Answer 4

Silent mutation
1. No change of codon
2. No change in amino acid sequence

Missense mutation
1. Change of codon
2. Change in amino acid sequence

Nonsense mutation
1. Change the codon to stop codon
2. Shorten amino acid sequence

Frameshift mutation
1. All codon shift by 1 or 2
2. Produce other amino acid

Question 5

Influenza virus gene change

Answer 5

1. Antigenic drift 123-) 321
   Minor structural change, predictable
2. Antigenic shift: recombination of genes between different influenza virus
   Major structure shift
   Unpredictable, suddenly