L5

Question 1

What type of joint is the elbow joint?

Answer 1

Synovial hinge joint

Question 2

How many planes of movement does the elbow have?

Answer 2

It’s uniaxial - one plane - flexion and extension

Question 3

What are the articular surfaces of the elbow joint?

Answer 3

• Radius
• Humerus
• Ulna

Question 4

What are the stabilising factors of the elbow joint?

Answer 4

• The ulnar collateral ligament
• Radial collateral ligament
• Annular ligament.

Question 5

Where does the musculocutaneous nerve arise from?

Answer 5

The lateral cord

Question 6

Where does the musculocutaneous nerve pierce?

Answer 6

Coracobrachialis muscle

Question 7

Where do points where superficial veins pierce deep fascia enter?

Answer 7

Deep veins

Question 8

What is the medial boundary of the cubital fossa?

Answer 8

Pronator teres

Question 9

What is the lateral boundary of the cubital fossa?

Answer 9

Brachioradialis

Question 10

What is the superior boundary of the cubital fossa?

Answer 10

Line between epicondyles

Question 11

What are the deep contents of cubital fossa?

Answer 11

• Radial nerve (deep & superficial branches)
• Tendon of biceps brachii
• Brachial artery
• Median nerve

Question 12

What are the superficial contents of cubital fossa?

Answer 12

• Cephalic vein
• Lateral cutaneous nerve of forearm
• Medial cutaneous nerve of forearm
• Basilic vein
• Median cubital vein

Question 13

What are the three articular surfaces of the elbow?

Answer 13

• Humero-ulnar articulation
• Humero-radial articulation
• Proximal radioulnar joint

Question 14

Details of humero-ulnar articulation

Answer 14

Trochlea of humerus with trochlea notch of ulna

Question 15

Details of humero-radial articulation

Answer 15

Capitulum of humerus with head of radius

Question 16

Details of proximal radioulnar joint

Answer 16

Head of radius articulares with the radial notch of the ulna

Question 17

What are most hinge joints inforced by?

Answer 17

Strong collateral ligaments

Question 18

Where does the articular capsule of the elbow project?

Answer 18

Upwards

Question 19

Why does the articular capsule of the elbow project upwards?

Answer 19

To enclose the radial and coronoid fossae anteriorly and the olecranon fossa posteriorly.

Question 20

Where does the articular capsule pass inferiorly onto and why?

Answer 20

The neck of the radius to enclose the proximal radioulnar joint

Question 21

Is the articular capsule of the elbow strong anteriorly and posteriorly?

Answer 21

No needs strong collateral ligament support

Question 22

What do fat pads function as?

Answer 22

Protective pads

Question 23

What does pressure on a fat pad cause?

Answer 23

It initiates reflex contraction of antagonist muscles preventing joint damage

Question 24

What are the intra-capsular features of the elbow?

Answer 24

• Hyaline cartilage and synovium
• Fat pads of the olecranon
• Radial and coronoid fossa
• (some include annular ligament)

Question 25

Are fat pads extra-synovial?

Answer 25

Yes

Question 26

What happens to the deeper fibres of strong collateral ligaments?

Answer 26

They blend with capsule

Question 27

What can the deeper fibres of strong collateral ligaments that blend with capsule be considered?

Answer 27

Intrinsic

Question 28

What changes during flexion extension of the elbow?

Answer 28

Contact surfaces in the trochlea

Question 29

Flexion degree of movement in elbow

Answer 29

150º

Question 30

What is flexion in the elbow enhanced by?

Answer 30

Capitulum and trochlea position

Question 31

What is flexion in the elbow limited by?

Answer 31

By fit of olecranon into olecranon fossa and fat pad - also sometimes by congenital bone deformity or tightness in anterior structures

Question 32

What is the most stable position for the elbow joint?

Answer 32

In position of function of hand

Question 33

How can fracture dislocations be complicated?

Answer 33

By major haemorrhage

Question 34

Where is the arterial supply to the elbow joint from?

Answer 34

The cubital anastomosis

Question 35

What does the cubital anastomosis include?

Answer 35

Recurrent and collateral branches from the brachial and deep brachial arteries

Question 36

What provides the nerve supply for the joint?

Answer 36

By the median, musculocutaneous and radial nerves anteriorly and ulnar nerve posteriorly.

Question 37

What are the muscles responsible for the extension of the elbow?

Answer 37

- Triceps brachii | - Anconeus

Question 38

What are the muscles responsible for the flexion of the elbow?

Answer 38

- Brachialis - Biceps brachii - Brachioradialis

Question 39

Does pronation and supination occur at the elbow? If not, where?

Answer 39

No, produced at nearly radioulnar joints.