lab 1

Question 1

clade

Answer 1

monophyletic group

Question 2

cladogram

Answer 2

graph of a clade

Question 3

taxon

Answer 3

any named group of organisms

Question 4

node

Answer 4

represents the common ancestor of two descendant taxa

Question 5

plesiomorphy

Answer 5

ancestral trait

Question 6

apomorphy

Answer 6

derived trait

Question 7

synapomorphy

Answer 7

shared, derived character state

Question 8

autapomorphy

Answer 8

distinctive trait unique to a terminal group

Question 9

iris diaphragm

Answer 9

improves contrast and changes light intensity

Question 10

condenser lens

Answer 10

alters sharpness

Question 11

collar of revolving nosepiece

Answer 11

changes magnification

Question 12

stage control

Answer 12

duh

Question 13

origin of life

Answer 13

3.5 billion ya

Question 14

eukaryotes origin

Answer 14

1.5 bya

Question 15

prokaryotes early rolls

Answer 15

producers, consumers, decomposers

-anaerobic

Question 16

oxygen revolution

Answer 16

2.5 bya

Question 17

Stain used

Answer 17

methylene blue : simple stain

Question 18

tryptic soy agar

Answer 18

everything grows on this

Question 19

MacKonkey Agar

Answer 19

• selective against gram positive

- bile salts and crystal violet

Question 20

Sulfadiazine

Answer 20

• blocks production of essential nutrients

- most gram positive and some gram negative are affected

Question 21

Tetracycline

Answer 21

Represses protein synthesis in all bacteria

Question 22

Anabaena azollae

Answer 22

• cyanobacteria
• photoautotrophic, nitrogen-fixing bacteria
• endosymbiont of water fern, azolla

heterocyst = thick walled, nitrogen fixing cells
vegetative cells = smaller and photosynthetically active
Akinete cells = spores

Question 23

Halobacterium salinarum

Answer 23

-archaea
-extreme halophile (high salt levels)
-photoheterotroph
-has pigment- bacteriorhodopsin = non-photosynthetic, light harvesting pigment
-Does NOT fix carbon dioxide
consumes amino acids or other organic acids