1
Q
Arthropod
A
- largest animal phylum –> over 1 mil. species
- bilateral symetry
- ecdysozoans (ecdysis = shedding of chinitous exoskeleton)
- characterized by chitinized exoskeleton and series of paired, jointed appendages
2
Q
Tagmatization
A
- fusion of adjacent segments into functional regions over time
- e.g. head, thorax, abdomen
3
Q
Arthropod groups
A
Trilobitomorpha (extinct) Crustacea Chelicerata Myriapoda Hexapoda -insecta and entognatha
4
Q
Trilobitomorpha
A
- All extinct by end of Permian
- marine
- 3 lobed body, compound eyes, 1 pair of antennae
5
Q
Crustacea
A
- crabs, crayfish, lobsters, and shrimp
- mostly aquatic
- only arthropods with 2 pairs of antennae
- abdominal appendages (unlike insects)
- Biramous appendages
6
Q
crustacean groups
A
- remipedia
- cephalocardia = horseshoe shrimp
- branchiopoda = fairy shrimp, brine shrimp, water fleas
- malacostraca = crayfish, crabs, lobster, shrimp, crayfish, pill bugs, sow bugs, krill, sand fleas
- maxillopoda = barnacles and copepods
- ostracoda
7
Q
Chelicerata
A
- Aquatic (horseshoe crabs and sea spiders)
- Terrestrial (arachnids)
- lack antenna
- pincer or fang-like mouthparts called chelicerae
8
Q
Chelicerae groups
A
- merostomata = horseshoe crabs
- arachnida = spiders (aranae), ticks/mites (acari), scorpions (scorpiones)
- pyncogonida = sea spiders
9
Q
Myriapoda
A
Diplopoda (two fold foot)
- millipedes
- 2 pairs of walking legs per segment
- 25-100 body segments
- feed on decaying plants
- may are poisonous
Chilopoda (lip foot)
- centipedes
- single papir of walking legs per segment
- terrestrial carnivores (venemous)
10
Q
Hexapoda
A
- most successful class (exploit terrestrial habitats)
- exoskeleton, flight, desiccation-resistant eggs, metamorphosis, high reproductive potential, diverse mouthparts/feeding habits
- 3 part body
- 3 pairs of legs at thorax
- head with 4 sets of mouthparts
- classes: entognatha and insecta
11
Q
Entognatha
A
- inner jaws
- basal lineage of hexapoda
- wingless
- entognathous = mouthparts retract into head
12
Q
Insecta
A
- head, thorax (prothorax, mesothorax, metathorax) and abdomen
- modified projecting mouthparts
- most have wings
- single pair of antennae
- 3 pairs of legs
13
Q
Hemimetabolous life cycle
A
- egg hatches into wingless nymph (looks like adult body)
- nympph goes through series of molts (stages are called instars)
- develop wings during final molt when it becomes a reproductive adult
- NO pupal stage
14
Q
Holometabolous lifecycle
A
- egg hatches in a larva (wormlike)
- Larva becomes pupa through successive molts
- Pupation = pupa is dormant and often in cocoon –> internal and external structures drastically rearrange
- Resulting imago = looks super different from larval form
15
Q
Hemiptera
A
- insect order
- half wings
- aphids, leaf hoppers, bed bugs
- sucking mouthparts (sap and blood)
16
Q
Orthoptera
A
- insect order
- straight wings
- grasshoppers, crickets, katydids
- stridulation = production of sound by rubbing of tegmina (leathery forewings)
17
Q
Coleoptera
A
-insect order
hard wings
beetles
18
Q
hymenoptera
A
insect order
membrane wings
sawflies, ants, bees, wasps
19
Q
Lepidoptera
A
insect order
scaly wings
moths and butterflies
20
Q
Diptera
A
insect order
two wings
flies and mosquitos
21
Q
Mosquito (Anopheles)
A
- Diptera, Insecta, Hexapoda
- Holometabolic
