Lab 5

Question 1

List the 9 major animal phyla

Answer 1

1- Porifera
2- Cnidaria
3- Platyhelminthes
4- Nematoda
5- Annelida
6- Mollusca
7- Arthropoda
8- Echinodermata
9- Chordata

Question 2

porifera main traits

Answer 2

-simples animals aka sponges
-asymmetrical (only ones )
-intracellular digestion
-specialized cells called choanocytes flagellated and phagocytosis
-no circulatory system, diffusion for gas and nutrient transport

Question 3

Cnideria main traits

Answer 3

-jellyfish, sea anemones, corals
-only motile animals in adult stage
-radial symmetry
-Cnidocytes are specialized stinging cells that release a toxic substance that can be used for defense or capturing prey.
-incomplete gut, no circ system, diffusion for gas + nutrients

Question 4

Platyhelminthes main traits

Answer 4

-live in marine or wet envir.
-can be parasitic ex: tapeworms
- incomplete gut, no circ.
-diffusion for gas - branches for nutrients

Question 5

Nematodes main traits

Answer 5

-roudworms
-aquatic habitats, soil, plant tissues, body fluids or tissues of animals
-vary in size
-complete gut, no circ., diffusion for gas and nutrients

Question 6

Annelids main traits

Answer 6

-segmented
-sea and damp soil
-setae, bristles that help with
locomotion & burrow (dig) into soil

Question 7

Mollusca main traits

Answer 7

• VERY diverse
  -marine - mainly freshwater and terrestrial
  -T have lungs and A have gills
  -complete gut , open circ for nutrients
  -muscular foot, mantle , mantle cavity

Question 8

Arthropoda main traits

Answer 8

-MOST DIVERSE
-largest biomass
-can survive in cold, hot, Aq, T, they can fly, omni, carn, herb
-tracheal system
-tracheae and tracheoles
-diffusion for gas = T
-gills = Aq
-open circ for nutrients and gas in Aq
-Chitin exoskeleton, segmentation, jointed appendages
-bilaterally symmetrical
-complete guts

Question 9

Echinodermata main traits

Answer 9

• thin epithelial layer over a hard calcium skeleton
  -specialized water vascular system
  -madreporite, and fills their tube feet
  -complete gut, water vascular system for nutrient
  -tube feet and modified gills for gas

Question 10

Chordata main traits

Answer 10

-vertebrata or lancelet or tunicate
-4 characteristics at some point

Question 11

intracellular digestion

Answer 11

within the cell by phagocytosis-digestive enzymes

Question 12

extracellular digestion

Answer 12

occurs in gut cavity, broken down by digestive enzymes

Question 13

complete gut

Answer 13

two openings for the respective tasks of ingesting food, as well as eliminating waste
products.

Question 14

incomplete gut

Answer 14

have one opening that is used both for ingesting food, as well as eliminating waste products.

Question 15

asymmetry

Answer 15

no axis of
symmetry in their body plan

Question 16

Radial

Answer 16

animals have many axes
of symmetry, as their body is arranged around a central axis.

Question 17

bilateral

Answer 17

have one axis of symmetry,
where both halves are mirrors of one another. Most animals
are bilaterally symmetrical. With bilateral symmetry also
comes cephalization, meaning having a head concentrated
with many sense organs and nervous tissue.

Question 18

closed circ

Answer 18

(blood remains contained within the
blood vessels)

Question 19

open circ

Answer 19

hemolymph (blood) spends much of its time flowing freely within body
cavities where it makes direct contact with all internal
tissues and organs to allow for gas exchange to occur.