lab exam 2

Question 1

what is the mitotic phase?

Answer 1

The phase of cell cycle that consists of two events mitosis and cytokinesis

Question 2

what is mitosis?

Answer 2

division of the nucleus

Question 3

what is cytokinesis?

Answer 3

division of the cytoplasm

Question 4

prophase

Answer 4

duplicated chromosomes coil and become visible and the nuclear envelope breaks breaks down and the mitotic spindle forms

Question 5

metaphase

Answer 5

the chromosomes line up along the metaphase plate

Question 6

telophase

Answer 6

the sister chromatids reach the opposite poles and uncoil to become chromatin and new nuclear envelopes form around the chromatin

Question 7

when does cytokinesis occur?

Answer 7

during anaphase and continues through and beyond telophase

Question 8

when is cytokinesis complete?

Answer 8

two daughter cells form and the genetic material is identical to the parent cell

Question 9

anaphase

Answer 9

the sister chromatids of each chromosome split apart and move to opposite poles of the cell

Question 10

what are the three components of a eukaryotic cell?

Answer 10

plasma membrane, nucleus, and a cytoplasm

Question 11

centrioles

Answer 11

directs the organization of mitotic spindle during cell division

Question 12

interphase

Answer 12

three phase Gap 1, S phase, Gap 2

Question 13

what happens in Gap 1 of interphase?

Answer 13

cell growth and protein synthesis

Question 14

what happens in S phase?

Answer 14

DNA replication

Question 15

what happens in Gap 2?

Answer 15

final growth and prepares for mitosis

Question 16

what is osmosis?

Answer 16

A type of passive transport in which solvent, usually water, moves through a selectively permeable membrane from an area of lower solute concentration to one of higher solute concentration.

Question 17

what is diffusion?

Answer 17

A type of passive transport in which solutes move with their concentration gradients from an area of high solute concentration to one of low solute concentration.

Question 18

what is a hypotonic solution?

Answer 18

A solution that has a lesser ability to cause water movement by osmosis than the reference solution due to its smaller number of solute particles. It has more H2O molecules than the inside of cell

Question 19

what is a hypertonic solution?

Answer 19

A hypertonic solution is one where the extracellular fluid (ECF) has a higher solute concentration compared to the cytosol inside a cell

Question 20

what happens to a cell placed in a hypotonic solution?

Answer 20

the cell gains water and it causes a lower ability to cause osmosis

Question 21

what happens when a cell is added to a hypertonic solution?

Answer 21

the cell loses water and osmosis is most likely to happen because there is a large amount of solute particles that wont pass the plasma membrane

Question 22

what does the cytosol cause in hypotonic solutions?

Answer 22

it causes osmosis because the ECF flows into the cytosol causing the cell to swell

Question 23

what is an isotonic solution?

Answer 23

A solution that has the same ability to cause water movement by osmosis as the reference solution due to having the same number of permeating solute particles.

Question 24

what happens if a cell is placed in an isotonic solution?

Answer 24

there is no movement of water because the solute concentration is equal inside and outside of the cell

Question 25

Spindle fibers

Answer 25

Spindle fibers are microscopic structures that play a crucial role in cell division, specifically during mitosis and meiosis. They are made of microtubules, which are protein filaments composed primarily of tubulin.

Question 26

mitotic spindle fibers

Answer 26

specific structure made up of spindle fibers that forms during mitosis — the process of cell division that creates two identical daughter cells.

Question 27

how do you calculate total magnification?

Answer 27

eye piece magnification X objective magnification

Question 28

head

Answer 28

upper part of microscope that supports the ocular lenses

Question 29

base

Answer 29

broad, flat, lower part of the microscope that supports the rest of the instruments

Question 30

arm

Answer 30

vertical part of microscope that connects the head to the base

Question 31

ocular lenses

Answer 31

lenses located within the eyepieces

Question 32

rotating nose piece

Answer 32

connects the objective lenses to the head

Question 33

mechanical stage

Answer 33

flat, horizontal shelf onto which the slide is placed

Question 34

condenser

Answer 34

small lens located under the stage that concentrates light onto the the specimen

Question 35

iris diaphragm

Answer 35

located beneath condenser regulating amount of light that passes through condenser

Question 36

substage light

Answer 36

located in the base provides light that passes through the condenser

Question 37

depth of field

Answer 37

refers to the thickness of the specimen layer that appears in focus under a microscope at one time.

Question 38

parfocal

Answer 38

refers to a feature of microscopes where, when you switch between objective lenses, the image mostly stays in focus — you don’t need to do much refocusing.

Question 39

field of view

Answer 39

the visible area you can see through the microscope when looking at a specimen. It’s like the "window" you’re looking through.

Question 40

working distance

Answer 40

the space (or gap) between the objective lens of a microscope and the specimen slide when the specimen is in sharp focus.

Question 41

steps to prepare a wet mount slide?

Answer 41

1. gather materials 2. place specimen 3. add a drop of water or blue dye 4. place cover slip 5. remove excess liquid around edges 6. place microscopic slide on the stage

Question 42

why do you use blue dye?

Answer 42

improves visibility and increases contrast