Language Comprehension

Question 1

Generativity

Answer 1

Finite number of parts, infinite possibilities for combination and expression

Question 2

Symbol system

Answer 2

Allows us to represent and communicate ideas and feelings to others

Question 3

Case study: Nacaraguan Sign language

Before 1970’s Nicaragua had no deaf community, when the deaf children were brought together in one school for the first time…

Answer 3

THEY CREATED THEIR OWN LANGUAGE WOOO

Question 4

What’s required for language making?

Answer 4

1. (A growing) Human brain
2. Being in a human community

Question 5

Language is localized in the _____, with localization increasing over development

Answer 5

Brain

Question 6

Language is species specific

Answer 6

Only humans acquire language in the course of typical development

Question 7

Language is species universal

Answer 7

In typical development all humans acquire language

Question 8

Early language development depends upon _____ to language

Answer 8

Exposure

Question 9

Newborns show preference for listening to _____ over other sounds

Answer 9

Speech

Question 10

Infant directed speech (IDS)

Answer 10

Exaggerated style of speech we use when speaking to language

Question 11

Pitch patterns

Answer 11

IDS has sweeping changes between high and low pitch

Question 12

Hyperarticulation

Answer 12

IDS has expanded acoustic distance between vowels, helps learners tell the difference

Question 13

There is more/less vowel articulation in speech to infants, pets, and adults

Answer 13

More!

Question 14

Components of language from smallest to largest (4)

Answer 14

1. Sounds - individual bits of language
2. Words - bits go together and what they mean
3. Combinations - words that go together changes their meanings
4. Context - the tone, place, time, and people involved

Question 15

Phonemes

Answer 15

The elementary units of any spoken language

Question 16

Across all languages there are around _____ phonemes, within any single language, only a ____ is used

Answer 16

200

Subset

Question 17

McGurk effect

Answer 17

Hearing different words depending on the mouth movement you see

Question 18

First vocalizations for babies begin at around ___-___ weeks — making drawn out and varied vowel sounds

Answer 18

6-8

Question 19

Early practice with producing speech sounds helps the baby

Answer 19

1. Gain motor control over their vocal systems
2. Increase their awareness that vocalization elicits responses from others

Question 20

Babbling begins at around ___-___ months — strings of repeated “bits” of language

Answer 20

6-10

Question 21

Babies babble in their _____ language

Answer 21

Native! — They take the rounds, rhythms, and patterns of intonation of the language around them

Question 22

Manual babbling

Answer 22

Native-signing infants produce repetitive hand movements that are smaller components of full signs

Question 23

Who shows greater vocabulary development — first born babies or babies with siblings

Answer 23

First borns! They have more enrichment from the adults