LCC 1

Question 1

What are the 3 models of input processing?

Answer 1

Serial stage models
- Wernike Lichtheim (1885)
- Patterson & Shewell (1987)
- TRACE- connectionist model (McClelland & Elman, 1986)

Question 2

What is serial organisation?

Answer 2

One bit happens after next bit
If one box is impaired, hard to move through to next

Question 3

What is temporal organisation?

Answer 3

First bit first, second bit second
In real time

Question 4

What do boxes in serial organisation do?

Answer 4

Store information

Question 5

What do arrows in serial organisation do?

Answer 5

Represent flow of information from one store to another

Question 6

What is Lichtheim’s 1885 model?

Answer 6

Auditory centre (Wernicke’s area)
Concept centre
Motor centre (Broca’s area)

note: used to develop psycholinguistic models

Question 7

What are information processing models?

Answer 7

Dataflow diagrams
Describe internal organisation of systems
Tracks flow of information
Flexible (adapted as understanding develops)
Conceptual, not physical

Question 8

What are the 4 assumptions of processing models? (Ellis & Young)

Answer 8

Modularity
Information encapsulation
Domain specific
Mandatory, involuntary operation

Question 9

What is the modularity assumption of information processing models?

Answer 9

Boxes are modules- seperate systems
Allows description of strengths, explains why people presently differently

Question 10

What is the information encapsulation assumption of information processing models?

Answer 10

Each module carries its own processing in isolation from other modules
Eg: info about emotions different from info about face itself

Question 11

What is the domain specific assumption of information processing models?

Answer 11

Each module can only accept one form of input
Eg: auditory (tone of voice) vs visual (emotion in facial expression)

Question 12

What is the mandatory, involuntary operation assumption of information processing models?

Answer 12

Unstoppable- can’t unprocess
Eg: can’t stop yourself from recognising a person

Question 13

What are the 2 assumptions of cognitive neuropsychology? (Ellis & Young)

Answer 13

Subtractivity
Transparency

Question 14

What is subtractivity?

Answer 14

Brain function - damage modules (nothing added)

Question 15

What is transparency?

Answer 15

Damage will show up when system is tested

Question 16

What is Patterson and Shewell’s 1987 model of single word processing?

Answer 16

Question 17

What is a limitation of Patterson and Shewell’s 1987 model of single word processing?

Answer 17

We don’t talk in single words
- doesn’t consider grammar
- doesn’t consider discourse

Question 18

What is acoustic analysis?

Answer 18

Identifies speech sounds (before the world level)
Discriminates meaningful speech sounds (in language spoken)

note: have more time for longer words but more to go wrong, but shorter words have more phonological neighbours

Question 19

What is auditory input lexicon?

Answer 19

A store of the auditory forms of words Recognises words as words (rejects non-words)

Question 20

What is the semantic system?

Answer 20

A store of the meanings of words

Question 21

What is the purpose of testing and assessment?

Answer 21

FInd out deficits
- explain to family
- intervention

Question 22

What are 4 tests for auditory processing?

Answer 22

1. Do words sound the same of different? (maximal / minimal pairs)
2. Auditory lexical decision- are words real/ nonsense?
3. Word to picture matching
4. Synonym judgements

Question 23

How may word to picture matching be made harder?

Answer 23

Have a related distracter

Question 24

What are some variations as to how synonym judgements can be tested?

Answer 24

High vs low imageability
Spoken vs written form

Question 25

How may semantic systems differ?

Answer 25

Depending on connotations eg: fork may be eating or garden

Question 26

What are 3 variables that affect processing?

Answer 26

Imageability Frequency Word length

Question 27

What is imageability?

Answer 27

How easy is it to conjure up a mental image Associated with semantics

Question 28

What is frequency?

Answer 28

How often is the word said Values from published databases

Question 29

What is word length?

Answer 29

Syllables / phonemes / letters

Question 30

Which PALPA subtests are used for acoustic analysis?

Answer 30

1 2 3 4

Question 31

Which PALPA subtests are used for auditory / visual input lexicon?

Answer 31

Auditory = 5 (imagibility x frequency) Visual = 24 + 25

Question 32

Which PALPA subtest is used for access to semantics?

Answer 32

47 (20% of being right)

Question 33

What are 3 published tests for aphasia?

Answer 33

CAT (Comprehensive Aphasia Test)- 2004 PALPA (Psycholinguistic Assessment of Language Processing in Aphasia)- 1992 Pyramids and Palm Trees- 1992

Question 34

What may word repetition refer to?

Answer 34

Words we know Words we don't know Non-words

Question 35

What is impairment at the level of auditory analysis called?

Answer 35

Word sound deafness / pure word deafness

Question 36

What can people with word sound deafness do?

Answer 36

Hear words + sounds Recognise different language Recognise voices Recognise non-verbal sounds

Question 37

What can people with word sound deafness not do?

Answer 37

Understand words Make lexical decisions Repeat

Question 38

How is comprehension improved for people with word wound deafness?

Answer 38

Slowed speech Contextual clues Exaggerated intonation Lip reading

Question 39

For people with word sound deafness, is it easier to discriminate vowels alone of CV combinations?

Answer 39

Vowels alone- less info to process

Question 40

What is impairment at the level of auditory input lexicon called?

Answer 40

Word form deafness

Question 41

What can people with word form deafness do?

Answer 41

Minimal pairs Repetition without understanding (via sub-lexical processes)

Question 42

Which tasks to people with word form deafness perform poorly on?

Answer 42

Tasks involving spoken words + semantic judgements

Question 43

What is impairment at the level of damage to access to semantics called?

Answer 43

Word meaning deafness

Question 44

What is impairment at the level of damage to semantic representations called?

Answer 44

Central semantic impairment

Question 45

What can people with word meaning deafness / central semantic impairment do?

Answer 45

Auditory minimal pairs Auditory lexical decisions Repetition of non-words + words

Question 46

How do you know word meaning deafness is not a central semantic deficit?

Answer 46

Performance on tasks involving written input is intact for word meaning deafness