LCC 4

Question 1

What are the 2 broad categories of aphasia?

Answer 1

Fluent
Non-fluent

Question 2

Describe non-fluent aphasia

Answer 2

Prosody disturbed

Phonetic
disturbance

Slow effortful production

Less expressive language than typical

May omit words

May have
agrammatism

Auditory comprehension may appear preserved
in conversation

Question 3

What is agrammatism?

Answer 3

Syntactic processing deficit
Affects input and output processing, so affects asyntactic comprehension & production

Question 4

Describe production seen in agrammatism?

Answer 4

Short, simplified phrase length
Content words (nouns + HF verbs)
Few function words
Lack of inflectional morphology eg: -s, -ed

Question 5

Describe fluent aphasia

Answer 5

Typical prosody

No phonetic difficulties

Syntax appears ‘normal’- may produce
paragrammatic errors e.g. word/ morpheme substitutions/ blends

Lexical retrieval errors affecting verbs + nouns-
semantic, unrelated, circumlocutions

Phonemic paraphasias + neologisms

Auditory comprehension may be impaired

Question 6

What is another sentence deficit beyond the fluency divide?

Answer 6

Deficit in verb argument information

eg: the garage is ringing M

Question 7

What is the mapping theory?

Answer 7

Thematic role- ‘meaning’ role a word / phrase plays in a sentence

Question 8

What are the 5 stages of sentence production according to Garrett, 1984?

Answer 8

Message level
Functional level
Positional level
Phonetic level
Speech

Question 9

What is the 1st message level of sentence production?

Answer 9

Idea / message / outline of event to be conveyed

Question 10

What comes between the message and functional level in Garrett’s sentence production model?

Answer 10

Thematic roles assigned

Question 11

What is the 2nd functional level of sentence production?

Answer 11

Identifies predicate argument structure (semantic representations retrieved)
riven by syntactic processes

Question 12

What is the 3rd positional level of sentence production?

Answer 12

Syntactic frame produced with phonological forms of words (grammatical elements) inserted into frames
Results in surface form of sentence

Question 13

What is the 4th phonetic level of sentence production?

Answer 13

Phonological forms are slotted into phonological frame

Question 14

What are 4 aspects where sentence processing deficits can occur?

Answer 14

Verb processing: verb semantics +
verb retrieval

Assigning thematic roles

Integrating semantic + syntactic
information

Generating accurate syntactic structure

Question 15

What is the core meaning of a verb?

Answer 15

Specifies general aspects / meaning of event

Question 16

What does core meaning of a verb impose?

Answer 16

Selective restrictions over verb’s arguments

eg: eat the water illegal in English

Question 17

What are the 2 types of verbs?

Answer 17

Transitive
Intransitive

Question 18

What is a transitive verb?

Answer 18

Requires obligatory argument(s)

Question 19

What is an intransitive verb?

Answer 19

Doesn’t require an argument

Question 20

What is predicate-argument structure?

Answer 20

Verb is the predicate
Its semantics dictate the arguments it will take

Question 21

What is thematic information?

Answer 21

Specifies the arguments that combine with the verb and their role in the event

eg: ‘sell’ has 3 thematic roles
- agent (seller)
- theme (object sold)
- goal (buyer)

Question 22

What is an agent / actor?

Answer 22

Animate, causing an action / change of state

Question 23

What is a patient / theme / victim?

Answer 23

Entity which undergoes the effect of the action / change of state

Question 24

What is a common feature of agrammatism?

Answer 24

Verb retrieval deficit

Question 25

How is verb retrieval deficit / impairment assessed?

Answer 25

Assess single word production verbs Assess ability to produce sentences with no support + compare to production when verb is supplied

Question 26

Describe what impaired verb syntax knowledge may look like?

Answer 26

Lack of affixes - present 3rd person singular -s - past -ed Difficulty producing irregular past tense Impairment mapping thematic knowledge

Question 27

Is this example of impaired thematic aspects of verbs non / fluent aphasia?

Answer 27

Fluent

Question 28

Is this example of impaired thematic aspects of verbs non / fluent aphasia?

Answer 28

Non-fluent

Question 29

If someone has thematic knowledge impairment, describe their use of verbs and nouns

Answer 29

Verb omission Verb form limited to base form (-ing) Difficulty with more verb arguments in production Incorrect ordering of nouns More nouns than verbs

Question 30

Why will giving a verb to someone with thematic knowledge impairment not help?

Answer 30

Deficit is not in verb retrieval, but in verb argument knowledge Thus- limited structural complexity

Question 31

What is relatively preserved in thematic knowledge impairment?

Answer 31

Function words Inflections

Question 32

Describe comprehension in thematic knowledge impairment

Answer 32

Verb comprehension impaired - reverse role verbs (eg: chase, follow) especially difficult - reversible sentences poor

Question 33

What is the TRIP?

Answer 33

Thematic roles in production

Question 34

What did Berndt et al (2000) find from his data of people retelling the cinderella story?

Answer 34

2 groups Agrammatic: morphological + syntactic structure impairments in sentence production Non-fluent but non-agrammatic: simplified structures relative to typical controls

Question 35

With a sample of 150 words, what 4 things can be analysed? note: used less clinically, more in research

Answer 35

Words /min Lexical content Auxiliaries Structural complexity

Question 36

Which sentences are easier to process- reversible or non-reversible?

Answer 36

Non-reversible

Question 37

Are these examples of sentences with or without a pragmatic bias? * The woman feeding the horse is singing. * The table the cup is on has four legs.

Answer 37

Pragmatic bias- can bypass sentence processing to understand

Question 38

Are these examples of sentences with or without a pragmatic bias? * The woman kissing the man is tall. * The book the table is on is old.

Answer 38

No pragmatic bias

Question 39

Describe sentence comprehension in Broca's aphasia

Answer 39

Syntactic deficit with embedded clauses Difficulties with SVO sentence comprehension

Question 40

What do most tests of sentence comprehension include?

Answer 40

Non / Reversible sentences Canonical (frequent) structure eg: SVO Moved arguments eg: passive Embedded clauses

Question 41

What are the PALPA numbers for written and spoken sentence comprehension?

Answer 41

55 (spoken) 56 (written)

Question 42

What are therapies for sentence processing?

Answer 42

Verb naming at single word level Assigning thematic roles: - mapping - verb noun association - verb network strengthening treatment (VNeST) - constraint induced aphasia therapy (CIAT), generating sentence in response to question

Question 43

What are the 4 active ingredients in sentence processing therapies?

Answer 43

Producing verb in sentence Pictures to stimulate sentence production Written cues Thematic roles + how they map onto syntax

Question 44

What should also be considered when doing sentence processing therapy?

Answer 44

Interaction with cognition