1
Q
List various types of news i.e. Hard news.
A
- hard news
- soft news
- spot news
- developing news
- continuing news
2
Q
Explain hard news.
A
- concerns occurrences potentially available to analysis or interpretation
- consists of “factual presentations of occurances deemed newsworthy
- stories we feel we have to know about
- concerns important matters
3
Q
Explain soft news.
A
- feature or human-interest stories
- interesting because they deal with the life of human beings
- we want to know about them because they interest us
- e.g. Justin Bieber breakup
4
Q
Explain spot news.
A
- sub-classification of hard news
- breaking news
- subject of focus is usually mature, legal or technological
- e.g. Japan hit by an earthquake
5
Q
Explain developing news.
A
- sub-classification of hard news and is similar to spot news
- occurs when it takes awhile to learn the facts associated with a breaking story
- remains developing news as long as facts emerge
6
Q
Explain continuing news.
A
- a series of stories on the same subject based upon events occurring over a period of time
7
Q
Differentiate between non-scheduled, pre-scheduled news, and un-scheduled news.
A
Non scheduled news
- an occurrence whose date of dissemination as news is determined by news workers
- often involves investigative journalism
- e.g. Companies putting syrup in honey
- doesn’t matter if story is released in a week or month
Prescheduled news
- an occurrence announced by a certain date for its conveyors
- news or it is into be disseminated the day it occurs or the day after
- e.g. Budget speech
Unscheduled news
- news event that occurs unexpectedly
- news must be disseminated that day or the day after
8
Q
What are killehbergs 8 major developments that have affected the news media during the past 30 years.
A
- Introduction of cable tv - the beginning of 24h news cycle and the steady decline of newspaper readership levels
- Introduction of advanced comm tech I’d satellites, internet, computers..
- Destruction of small, family-owned news orgs by big media giants - emergence of chain papers and multi-media production companies
- Rise of media giants that use synergistic production and distribution strategies (different branches of the company share and cross-promote each other’s resources and services)
- Related destruction of legendary divisions between managerial (profit motive) and editorial (truth motive) operations.
- Birth of new forms and formats (new tech for media) such as TV news, magazine dramatized news footage and production driven news selections
- Deregulating (fewer/less strict rules) of media markets and specifically restrictions on ownership of multiple media outlets in the same city
- Crisis of legitimacy of journalists who complain that new conditions of production undermine their ability to meet their own standards. (Must be on their phones and laptops 24/7)
9
Q
Discuss the evolution of major media companies through 4 key development strategies.
A
FIRST
- taking companies out of private hands
- raising capital with public stock offerings
- reforming the corporate mission to meet the bottom line demands of stockholders
SECOND
- bringing in new corporate manager to streamline production systems in the newsroom and to reduce labour costs
THIRD
- making massive investments in digital comm technologies and remaking the corporate infrastructure
FOURTH
- establishing lines of horizontal integration in the company
- therefore acquire/merge with other content providers and distributors (i.e. TV, internet, magazine…) and link the marketing and news divisions across firms
10
Q
Explain who journalists had to adapt to the “new newsroom” in terms of their role and responsibilities as well as time and space constraints.
A
- different journalistic mission (determined by production values of TV news)
- everyone recognizes the power of TV to reach a massive audience (TV = route to power, wealth and influence)
- deepest source of the journalistic frustration is because they’re forced to take on new responsibilities in the same work (requires serious independent thinking)
- in 1970’s, national TV was broadcast only once a day allowing for a 24h span to cover breaking news
- in the digital age, the time cycle is very different (news cyclone)
- emergence of instant internet news sites have eliminated temporal boarders in the news day. There is always breaking news to produce, consume and react against
- pressure leads to mistakes
11
Q
Evaluate how synergy and digital systems have changed media companies.
A
FOR MAJOR MEDIA COMPANIES
- coordinated news-making activities keep labour costs down
- increase output and efficiency of the production process
FOR REPORTERS
- real professional challenges
- the more they work with different media, the more they realize that content doesn’t move easily from one medium to the next
- therefore they must develop techniques for translating work across platforms
JOURNALISM TEXTBOOKS
- empathize developing skills that work in several media
- veterans worry that being telegenic will become the most NB skill for entry level reporting jobs
- new responsibilities reduce editorial staff’s time to report and think about their work
12
Q
Determine how convergence of new media market has affected the target marketing process by media companies.
A
- digital news systems have enabled media orgs to target market at new levels – they use this to make specialized info and entertainment products that appeal to narrow groups of consumers
- strategy of most companies is to locate/target affluent audiences
- new digital technologies enable companies to target coverage to the suburban areas that contain the most affluent readers
13
Q
Discuss timing related challenges that could face print magazines.
A
- future oriented schedule = problematic for those in the industry
- it’s difficult for staff to think and work so far into the future
- ie have to write a winter holiday gift guide while sweating in summer
- problem = perishability of info - info may be irrelevant or contradict by the time the story is released
- this is complex because of the two month window between a magazine issue’s closing and cover date
- material can be both outdated and ill timed
- Ashlee Simpson
14
Q
Discuss the benefits associated with moving content from traditional medium to the web.
A
- don’t have a long lead time
- accessibility
- cost effective
- stories can be published as and when necessary
- increased online readership
- advertising is cheaper and you can change it as and when necessary
15
Q
Discuss the challenges associated with moving content from traditional medium to the web.
A
- information saturation
- fast paced schedule
- expensive maintenance
- credibility questioned
- intangible
- comments can’t be controlled
- inaccessible for those who don’t have internet access
16
Q
Evaluate which of Steinem’s anecdotes surprise you the most and why.
A
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17
Q
Argue that Harry Potter’s success comes from marketing.
A
- book’s success is referred to in terms of its monetary success
- transformed by profit making companies who care only about attracting consumers to the book for financial reasons
- pleasure and meaning of reading the book is pre-scripted by mass media
- Rowling took it too far by trademarking consumables
- people saw the movie without reading the book
18
Q
Argue that Harry Potter’s success comes from the books.
A
- trademarks are more powerful than copyright
- JK Rowling encouraged parents not to buy consumables that would entice violence
- the hook encourages children to be wise with their money, not spending it on frivolous things
- her writing is praised by many authors
- she encourages children to use imagination
19
Q
Critically discuss why Harry Potter has become a symptom of a legal system designed to benefit capitalism over artistic values.
A
- legal system is designed to benefit capitalism more than moral or artistic values
- the Berne Convention recognizes the moral rights of the author over his/her creation, even after copyright has been transferred to another party
- the copyright pages of British books say: ‘the moral right of the author has been asserted’
- US authors don’t have moral rights - if they did then intellectual property law wouldn’t rely so heavily on trademark law
- another solution: change trademark law so that it doesn’t have to b constantly be in use in order to remain enforceable
- JK Rowling followed std entertainment law in permitting such merchandising but she also placed restrictions on how her characters can be used
COMMUNICATION SCIENCE B
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