define atheroma
accumulation of intracllular and extracelluar lipid in the intima of large and medium sized arteries
what is required for atherosclerosis, meaning veins are immune to it
high pressure environment
when do partial occlusions exert a clinical consequence
during activity- increased metabolism or raised O2 requirement
define atherosclerosis
the thickening and hardening of arterial walls as a consequence of atheroma
link atheroma and atherosclerosis
atheroma is the substance that builds up in the walls of arteries which leads to atherosclerosis ( the disease that results from this build up)
how long does it take to get atherosclerosis
it develops over several secades
what actually causes atheroma
build up of lipid, connective tissue, inflammatory cells and smooth muscle cells in the intima ( the innermost artery layer)
where does atherosclerosis occur
mainly in arteries - commonly in aorta, coronary, carotid, cerebral and leg arteries
whats arteriosclerosis
effects small arteries and arterioles
ehatd monckeberg arteriosclerosis
affects small to medium sized arteries via calcium deposits
how is atherosclerosis detected
usually post MI or stroke
how can you predict atherosclerosis
Total blood cholesterol, LDL : HDL ratio is usually associated with it.
compare LDL and HDL
LDL is the bad cholesterol that builds up in arteries -> heart disease.
HDL is good cholesterol which carries which goes to liver for removal
whats the adventitia
outside bit of an artery - its fibrous, as lots of collagen and immune cells reside here
whats the media
middle of an artery layer - this is the bit which contracts and relaxes to change diameter ( this is where mechanical strength comes from)
how to identify the elastic lamina of an artery
squiggly line ( found in the media)
whats the intia
inside layer of an artery - this is where NO and bradykinin are released by epithelium . platelets can adhere to smooth muscle here which can become sticky
what are the 3 stages of atherosclerosis development
fatty streak - elevated zone from a small number f lipids accumulating
fibrous plaque - lipid accumulation and smooth muscle cells migrate from media, causing fibrosis to develop around the lipid to form a cap over the lesion
complicated plaque - ulcers and fissures form on fibrous cap which expose the plaque contents, resulting in thrombosis
what causes complicated plaque formation/ thrombosis
trauma to the endothelial surface
what are the main componens of plaque
lipid containing macrophages, extracellular matrix and cells which proliferate smooth muscle
more synthetic or dietary cholesterol
synthetic ( around 1g , dietary is only around 300mg)
where is cholesterol produced within the body
liver
function of HDL
absorbs cholesterol from blood and carries it back to the liver where its flushed out
what happens when LDL levels increase in regards to receptors
it can exceed receptor availability, when this happens , less is cleared by the liver so so more goes into the plasma
-
Lecture 1 - intro to CVD11
-
lecture 234
-
lecture 31
-
lecture 419
-
lecture 054
-
lecture 0648
-
lecture 0728
-
lecture 0816
-
lecture 0922
-
lecture 1038
-
workshop 10
-
workshop 28
-
lab 10
-
lecture 110
-
lecture 1243
-
lecture 1346
-
lecture 148
-
lecture 150
-
lecture 160
-
workshop 30
-
workshop 40
-
workshop 50
-
workshop 60
-
lab 20
-
lecture 170
-
lecture 180
-
lecture 190
-
lecture 200
-
workshop 70
-
workshop 80
-
workshop 90
-
workshop 100
-
lab 30
-
lecture 210
-
lecture 220
-
lecture 230
-
lecture 240
-
lecture 250
-
workshop 110
-
workshop 120
-
lab 40
-
lecture 260
-
workshop 130
-
workshop 140
-
workshop 150
-
workshop 160
-
workshop 170
-
lab 50
