Lecture #13

Question 1

Small Republic

Answer 1

Operates on a smaller scale; more direct communication with representatives
-Rooted in classical Republicanism
-Direct Representation
-Civic Virtue: heavy reliance on participation and commitment to the common good
-Local Governance

Question 2

Factions

Answer 2

Groups of people who share beliefs that may conflict with the common good.
Can be created by interests in: political parties, economic interests, social movements

Question 3

Federalist

Answer 3

Supported the ratification of the constitution; United national government is essential
-Hamilton, Madison, John Jay
-younger and hip-er than Anti-feds
-Laid foundation for U.S political system

Question 4

Pure Democracy

Answer 4

Government where all eligible citizens have a direct opportunity to participate in decision making
-emphasis on majority rule
-Direct participation: no representatives; directly engage
-Limited scope: Small communities; impractical in large settings due to the volume of decisions
-potential for instability: doesn’t protect minorities

Question 5

Anti-federalists

Answer 5

Opposed ratification; worried the central government would be too powerful and compromise individual and state liberties/interests
-Patrick Henry, George Mason, Eldridge Gerry, Richard Henry Lee
-Worried about safeguards for individual rights (wanted BOR)
-favored decentralized government, state sovereignty, local control (small republic)
-thought constitution would have less consolidation of power: making accountability hard and resulting in tyranny

Question 6

Federal

Answer 6

Government with central authority divided between central government and states
-Division of powers
-Federal government
-Federalism

Question 8

Extended republic

Answer 8

Government in a large geographical area with diverse populations and beliefs; coexisting beliefs within one political framework
-Diversity of interests
-Representation
-Mitigation of Factionalism
-challenges: difficulty hearing all voices and local needs

Question 9

Democracy versus Republic?

Answer 9

Dem: more ancient, majority rule, people are sovereign with or without representatives
Republic: more modern, country is public matter, rule of law, accountable to electorate, inalienable rights

Question 10

Relationship between Liberty and Factions?

Answer 10

Liberty creates factions: People allowed to have opposing beliefs

Question 11

What does Madison claim is the best way to control factions?

Answer 11

1. Remove causes
   -no liberty: worse than issue
   -everyone have same views
2. Control effects
   -Large republic
   -Diversity: unlikely a majority will arise

Question 12

What are the main reservations expressed by Brutus about the new constitution?

Answer 12

-concentration of power
-Lack of Bill of Rights
-Judicial power: Federal courts could override states’ laws/decisions
-Representation: not adequately reflecting the people’s interest
-military power: army could be used suppress dissent/civil liberites

Question 14

How does Madison respond to some of Brutus’s concerns?

Answer 14

(Federalist #10 and #51)
Large republic helps with diverse interests
-constitution ensures representation: difficult for unworthy candidates to succeed in large electorate
-Judiciary is least dangerous branch
-Separation of powers via checks and balances

Question 15

How might an Anti-federalist respond to Madison’s defense of the Constitution (based on Brutus’s essays)

Answer 15

A republican government of Madison’s magnitude will be far removed from the people