lecture 17

Question 1

what is the pattern between energy intake and age

Answer 1

energy intake decrease with increasing age

Question 2

what are concerns with lower energy intake as age increases

Answer 2

• decreased food group consumption
• missing macro and micronutrients

Question 3

describe the EPIC study

Question 4

describe a longitudal study

Question 5

recommendations/goal for elderly

Answer 5

goal: maintain healthy body weight and preserve appropriate body composition

Question 6

protein recommendation for elderly, why

Answer 6

1.0 - 1.3
- higher intake to prevent/slow down loss of lean mass

Question 7

men and women fibre recommendations

Answer 7

men: 30g/day
women: 21g/day

Question 8

RDA of calcium

Answer 8

1000mg -> 1200mg in females

Question 9

what is the association between calcium and hypertension

Answer 9

low calcium intake -> increased risk of hypertension

Question 10

How does vit D RDA change and why

Answer 10

600 IU -> 800IU, due to less time outside

Question 11

sources of B12

Answer 11

animal proteins (meat,fish, dairy)

Question 12

Why is B12 a unique vitamin

Answer 12

only B vitamin we store (in the liver). Other B vitamins are excreted out by urine

Question 13

Vitamin B12 is a name for group of __________

Answer 13

cobalamins

Question 14

what enzymatic reactions are B12 part of

Answer 14

1. propionyl -CoA_> methylmalonyl-CoA -> succinyl CoA
2. Homocysteine -> methionine

Question 15

how is B12 released in stomach

Answer 15

requires acid to be released from protein (pepsin and gastric acis)

Question 16

what does B12 bind to in the stomach, what does this do

Answer 16

binds to intrinsic factor (IF), this allows it to be absorbed

Question 17

what cells make IF

Answer 17

produced and secreted by gastric cells

Question 18

what are causes of B12 def.

Answer 18

• inadequate intake
• decreased gastric acid
• decreased IF production
• failure to digest R protein (pancreatic dysfunction)
• inadequate intestinal absorption ( drugs or gastric bypass surgery)

Question 19

how does folic acid affect B12 def.

Answer 19

it masks a B12 def -> not good

Question 20

how does iron change with age

Answer 20

body stores of iron increase with age

Question 21

what is a risk in older males, regarding iron

Answer 21

hemochromatosis associated with increased CVD risk,

Question 22

anemia of chronic disease

Answer 22

low iron but high ferritin (iron stores)

Question 23

iron deficient anemia

Answer 23

low hematochrit -> can’t make hemoglobin anymore

Question 24

what are the recommendations of fluid in older adults, what are the concerns

Answer 24

no change, but commonly inadequate

Question 25

why are adults more suceptible to dehydration

Answer 25

- not as thirsty - forget to drink - lower total body water - less sensitive ADH - lowering food/fluid intake - swallowing issues - mobility issues - fear of incontinence *number on reason older ppl are admitted to hosptial

Question 26

signs an symptoms

Answer 26

looks like dementia

Question 27

how to encourage fluid intake

Answer 27

- portable water bottle - reminders to drink - adding flavouring - address factors that may cause intentional reduction in fluid intake