Lecture 2

Question 1

Types of bonds

Answer 1

• Covalent Bonds
• Noncovalent Bonds

Question 2

Covalent bonds are formed by ________

Answer 2

Sharing of electrons

Question 3

Types of Covlent bonds

Answer 3

Polar
Non polar

Question 4

Difference between ethane and ethene

Answer 4

Ethane is free rotating
Ethene is more rigid, stronger, shorter and planar

Question 5

Electronegativity

Answer 5

Tendency to attract electrons

Question 6

Polar covalent bond

Answer 6

Electrons shared unequally

Question 7

Non polar covalent bond

Answer 7

electrons shared equally

Question 8

Increased Polarity increases

Answer 8

reactivity: less energy needed to break the bond

Question 9

Covalent bonds are ________

Answer 9

Strong

Question 10

What is bond length

Answer 10

Amount of energy requires to break a bond

Question 11

Thermal energy

Answer 11

Average energis of impacts molecules undergo

Question 12

Relationship between bond length and thermal energy of the cell

Answer 12

Bond length»_space;»» thermal energy of the cell

Question 13

Ionic Bonds

Answer 13

• Non covalent bonds
• Attraction between charged atoms
• NaCl (table salt)
• Equal electron sharing

Question 14

Ionic bonds in crystal form are ______

Answer 14

Stronger

Question 15

In solution ions are surrounded by H2O hence

Answer 15

easily disruptable

Question 16

Hydrogen Bonds

Answer 16

• Non covalent bond
• H,O,N

Question 17

hydrophobic interactions

Answer 17

Polar molecules: Hydrophilic
Non Polar molecules: Hydrophobic (Driving force for forming vesicular structure)

Question 18

Van der Waals forces

Answer 18

• Weak Force
• Hold together neutral molecules
• Operate at optimum distances
• Maximized by complimentary surfaces

Question 19

Properties of Water

Answer 19

• Highly asymmetric
• Polarized covalent bonds
• All 3 atoms can H - Bond

Question 20

Life Supporting properties of water

Answer 20

• Dissolving power
• H- Bonding
• Temperature regulation
• Versatility in physical states

Question 21

Acids

Answer 21

Release H

Question 22

Bases

Answer 22

Accept H

Question 23

Macromoleucles

Answer 23

• Huge Polymers
• Formed by building monomers

Question 24

Polymerization

Answer 24

Process of linking monomers

Question 25

Hydrolysis

Answer 25

Addition of water to break down a polymer

Question 26

4 types of biomolecules

Answer 26

- Carbohydrates - Lipids - Nucleic Acids - Proteins

Question 27

Carbohydrates

Answer 27

- Energy dtores - Building material biological construction - Simple Sugars - Complex sugars

Question 28

Simple Sugars

Answer 28

- Monosaccharides (GFG) - Disaccharides (MLS)

Question 29

Complex Sugars

Answer 29

Polysaccharides

Question 30

General formula of sugars

Answer 30

(CH2O)n

Question 31

Structure of sugars

Answer 31

- Backbone of C atoms linked by in linear fashion via single bonds - Highly water solube with the hydroxyl group

Question 32

How are sugars linked together

Answer 32

- Glycosidic bond - Ester group (C-O-C)

Question 33

Oligosaccharides

Answer 33

Middle of the rope

Question 34

Functions of polysaccharides

Answer 34

- Nutrition stores - Glycogen: Animal form - Starch: Plant Product

Question 35

Glycogen is made up of

Answer 35

Branched glucose polymers

Question 36

Starch is made up of

Answer 36

Both branched and unbranched glucose polymers

Question 37

Structural polysach.

Answer 37

Cellulose: Plant cell wall Chitin: Insect outer skeleton Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) - Extracellualr space and connective tissue

Question 38

Lipids

Answer 38

- Diverse group non polar biological molecules - Do not dissolve in water - Soluble in organic solvent

Question 39

Types of lipids

Answer 39

- Phospholipid - Triglyceride - Cholestrol

Question 40

Important cellular lupids

Answer 40

- Fats - Sterioids - Phospholipids

Question 41

Fat

Answer 41

Glycerol + 3 fatty acids Liked by ester linkages Main component of fat in storage

Question 42

Fatty Acids

Answer 42

Long Saturated (C-C) Unsaturated (C=C)

Question 43

Steroids are synthesized from

Answer 43

Cholestrol