1
Q
Proteins
A
- Carry out celluar activities
- Enzymes
- Structural Proteins
- Hormones, growth factors
- Membrane receptors
- Transporters
2
Q
Proteins are polymers of ________
A
Amino Acids
3
Q
A
4
Q
Sequences of amino acids is encoded in the
A
Genome
5
Q
Driving force for protein folding
A
- Hydrophobic interactions
- Contributes to overall stability of the protein
6
Q
Sickle Cell Anemia
A
- Bonconcave disc blood cell turns to sickle shaped
- Single change amino acids change within hemoglobin molecule
- Glutamic Acid - Valine
7
Q
A
- Bonconcave disc blood cell turns to sickle shaped
- Single change amino acids change within hemoglobin molecule
- Glutamic Acid - Valine
8
Q
Secondary structure of amino acids
A
- Alpha helix or Beta Sheets
- Conformation of portions of the polypeptide side chain
- Preferred conformation maximizes hydrogen bonding
9
Q
Tertiary Structure of Amino acid
A
- 3d Conformation of the entire polypeptide
- Impacts protein properties
- 3d structure not entirely fixed
10
Q
3d structures are categorized by
A
- Fibrous: Elongated
- Globular: Compact
11
Q
DNA
A
Info storage
12
Q
RNA
A
Info transfer
13
Q
Parts of Nucleotide
A
- Sugar
- Nitrogenous base
- Phosphate group
14
Q
RNA
A
RNA (Ribonucleic acid)
Sugar = Ribose
C2 atom - OH Group
Single Stranded
15
Q
DNA
A
-
16
Q
A
- Deoxyreibonucleic acid
- Sugar = Deoxyribose
- C2 atom - H only
- Double Stranded
17
Q
Two types of nitrogenous bases
A
- Purines
- Pyrimidines
18
Q
Purines
A
- Guanine
- Adenine
19
Q
Pyrimidine
A
- Cytosine
- Thymine
- Uracil
20
Q
DNA Structure
A
- Double stranded
- Double helix
- Sugar phosphate backbone
- A-T
- G-C
- Runs anti parallel
21
Q
RNA structure
A
- Single Stranded (Naturally)
- May fold back on itself into complex 3D structures
- May have catalytic activity by ribozymes
22
Q
Functions of Biological membranes
A
- Compartmentalization
- Scaffold for biochemical activities
- Selectively permeable membrane
- Transport solutes
- Response to external stimuli
- Cell to cell communication
- Energy Transduction
23
Q
Chemical composition of plasma membrane
A
- Lipids
- Proteins
- Carbohydrates
24
Q
Phospholipid head
A
Hydrophilic
Polar
25
Phospholipid tail
Hydrophobic
Non Polar
26
Types of membrane lipids
1. Phosphoglycerides
2. Sphingolipids
3. Cholestrol
27
Phospholipid
- Fatty acids + phosphate group
- Joined by alcohol residue
28
Phosphoglyceride
- Type of phospholipid
- Alcochol residue = residue
29
Saturated fatty acids
No double bonds
30
Monounsaturated fatty acids
One double bond
31
Polyunsaturated fatty acids
Multiple double bonds
32
Sphingolipids
Built with sphingosine instead of glycerol
33
Basic structural unit of all Sphingolipids
Ceramide
34
Cholesterol
- Sterol
- Carbon rings are flat and rigid
- Smaller
- Less amphipathic
35
Function of cholesterol
- Structural integrity
- Membrane fluidity
36
Cholestrol head is made of
Hydroxyl (Polar)
37
Lipids found in the Exoplasmic side
Sphingomyelin
Phophatidylcholine
38
Lipids in Cytosolic side
- phosphatidylserine
- phosphatidyelthanolamine
39
Where are phospholipids synthesized?
Cytosolic side of ER membrane
40
Steps of membrane assembly
1. Synthesis of phospholipids in the cytosolic side of ER membrane
2. Scramblase transfers random phospholipids between monolayers
3. Ensures symmertric bilayer growth
41
Scramblase
- Transfers random phospholipids between monolayers
- Symmetric bilayer growth
42
Where is the source of membrane leaflet assymetry
Golgi Appratus
43
What do flippases do?
Transfers specific phospholipids between monolayers
Distinct inside vs outside faces
BMSC 220
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