Lecture 2

Question 1

What is an energy system

Answer 1

An energy system is a pathway that transfers energy from food to ADP

Question 2

What are the 2 types of anerobic systems

Answer 2

1. PCr/ ATP-CP
2. Anaerobic glycolysis

Question 3

Where does ATP-CP occur

Answer 3

cytosol

Question 4

What does anerobic glycolysis produce

Answer 4

pyruvate

Question 5

what is the rate limiting enzyme of anaerobic glycolysis

Answer 5

phosphfructo kinase

Question 6

in anaerobic glycolysis what is used to convert glucose

Answer 6

hexokinase

Question 7

What converts pyrvuate to lactate

Answer 7

LDH

Question 8

why is creatine kinase being found in the blood an indicator of muscle damage

Answer 8

it should be in the cell, this indicates that cell membrane has been damaged

Question 9

What does anerobic systems use to create energy

Answer 9

sugar

Question 10

What does aerobic systems use to create energy

Answer 10

protein and fats

Question 11

where does aerobic systems take place

Answer 11

mitochondria

Question 12

what are the 5 kinds of aerobic systems

Answer 12

1. pyruvate to acetyl CoA
2. kreb cycle
3. The ETC
4. OXPHOS
5. BEta oxidation

Question 13

what is the rate limiting enzyme for the krebs cycle

Answer 13

isocitrate dehydrogenase

Question 14

what is the main function of the kreb cycle

Answer 14

to produce NADH and FADH2 for the ETC and OXPHOS

Question 15

What does beta oxidation make

Answer 15

It makes acetyl Co-A

Question 16

Why is an increase in citrate syntahse activity an indicator of mitochondrial biogensis

Answer 16

increased citrate synthase activity means there is more mitochondira becuase the kreb cycle happens in the mitochondria

Question 17

during a supramaximal exercise bout what every systems are active

Answer 17

all of them

Question 18

What is oxygens pathway through the body

Answer 18

1. enters the lungs
2. enters the blood
3. travels in the blood
4. enters the tissue
5. used by the tissue (then it is carbon dioxide)

Question 19

what allows our lungs to bring in oxygen

Answer 19

chnages in the diagphram positions causes changes in introthorasic pressure, this pressure gradiant allows us tho breath

Question 20

during inspiration and expiration what do the ribs do

Answer 20

-inspiration = ribs rise
-expiration = ribs lower

Question 21

what causes gas exchange to occur

Answer 21

difference in partial pressures between 2 substances (difference in partial pressure of venous blood O2 and alveloi O2)

Question 22

in blood what attaches onto O2

Answer 22

iron

Question 23

in the blood what carries most O2

Answer 23

hemoglobin

Question 24

what happens when O2 binds with hemoglobin

Answer 24

it changes shape, this makes it easier for other O2 to bind to hemoglobin

Question 25

what causes the s curve shape in O2 binding in blood

Answer 25

the change in shape of hemoglobin when O2 binds to it

Question 26

what can causes hemoglbin saturation to decreasae

Answer 26

1. O2 saturation decrease 2. decrease in pH 3. increase in temperature

Question 27

why do men have a higher concentration of hemoglobin than wome

Answer 27

men have more testosterone which causes more red blood cells to be made

Question 28

what is the role of NADH and FADH2 in the ETC

Answer 28

to donate electrons, they become FAD + 2H and NAD +2H, these electrons move to O2 molecules

Question 29

What happens during the ETC

Answer 29

1. NADH and FADH2 donate electrons, this allows for H+ ions to move from mitochondrial matrix into intermebrance space 2. oxygen accepts 2H ions 3. this allows H+ ions ot move from intermebrance space to mitochondrial matrix (H+ ions use ATP synthase), this allows for ADP to be converted into ATP